无人机测控阵列天线组阵技术研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 18:33
【摘要】：近年来,无人机技术及应用成为世界各国普遍重视的争相发展技术领域,无人机向着系列化系统化的方向发展,中近程无人机由于开发和使用成本较低,同时,由于中近程无人机不需要机场或专用跑道,具有起降条件要求低,起降风险小的特点,成为无人机应用的主力机型。无人机地面控制站是无人机系统必不可少的组成部分,目前无人机地面控制站向着车载、便携、轻型化发展,同时越来越重视一站多机测控体制的研究,因此,作为多机测控的重要信道设备,无人机测控阵列天线组阵技术研究也具有非常重要的意义。目前应用最为广泛的是中小型无人机,其航程在10至50Km左右,而便携式多地面测控设备常采用全向天线,天线增益不高,导致无人机的工作距离难以达到上限。通过提高地面天线增益,可以在不增加机载测控设备功耗的条件小,有效拉远设备作用距离;采用多波束电子波束扫描技术,可以消除地面站天线对伺服机的依赖,减轻设备重量,提高设备的使用的灵活性。在以往无人机测控天线技术的基础上,本文对L波段无人机测控阵列天线组阵技术进行了深入研究,结合工程实际,进行了具体设计方案的论述和天线、多波束网络的设计仿真。本文所作的主要工作有:首先简要介绍了国内外无人机测控相关技术发展和设备情况,并对本文涉及到的一站多机测控阵列天线的技术难度、解决措施进行的描述。其次,对一站多机阵列天线的实现方案进行了描述,制定了轻型化便携无人机测控阵列天线设计方案。详细介绍了微带天线工作原理及其宽带设计的基本方法、无源固定多波束网络的工作原理与宽带设计方法,并对基于相控阵的时分多波束和基于巴特勒矩阵的无源多波束体制进行了系统指标分析,确认了相关部件的技术要求,利用HFSS、Designer电磁仿真工具对天线单元、巴特勒矩阵以及阵列组阵后的方向图进行了仿真,并对仿真结果进行了分析和总结。最后,对完成的部分组件进行了详细的指标测试和深入分析,测试数据表明该设计方案能够满足总体的各项指标要求,体积小、重量轻、性能优异。为以后原理样机的改进和定型提供了重要的技术储备。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the technology and application of UAV have been paid more and more attention to all over the world. The UAV is developing in the direction of serialization and systematization. The cost of developing and using medium and short-range UAV is low, at the same time, Because medium and short range UAV does not need airport or special runway, it has the characteristics of low take-off and landing conditions and low take-off and landing risk, so it becomes the main type of UAV application. UAV ground control station is an essential part of UAV system. At present, UAV ground control station is developing towards vehicle, portable and lightweight. At the same time, more and more attention is paid to the research of multi-station measurement and control system. As an important channel equipment for multi-machine measurement and control, the research on antenna array technology of UAV TT & C array is also of great significance. At present, the most widely used UAV is the small and medium-sized UAV, its range is about 10 to 50Km, but the portable multi-ground measurement and control equipment often uses omnidirectional antenna, the antenna gain is not high, so the working distance of UAV is difficult to reach the upper limit. By increasing the ground antenna gain, it can effectively pull the operating distance of the equipment without increasing the power consumption of the airborne measurement and control equipment, and the dependence of the earth station antenna on the servo machine can be eliminated by adopting the multi-beam electron beam scanning technology. Reduce the weight of the equipment, improve the flexibility of the use of equipment. On the basis of the previous UAV TT & C antenna technology, the antenna array technology of L-band UAV TT & C array is deeply studied in this paper. Combined with the engineering practice, the detailed design scheme and antenna are discussed. Design and simulation of multi-beam network. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the development and equipment of UAV TT & C technology at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and the technical difficulty and solving measures of the single station and multi-machine TT & C array antenna involved in this paper are described. Secondly, the realization scheme of single station and multi-machine array antenna is described, and the design scheme of light portable UAV measurement and control array antenna is established. The principle of microstrip antenna and the basic method of broadband design, the working principle of passive fixed multi-beam network and the method of broadband design are introduced in detail. The system indexes of time-division multi-beam system based on phased array and passive multi-beam system based on Butler matrix are analyzed, and the technical requirements of related components are confirmed. The antenna unit is analyzed by HFSS,Designer electromagnetic simulation tool. The Butler matrix and the pattern behind the array are simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed and summarized. Finally, some components are tested and analyzed in detail. The test data show that the design can meet the overall requirements, small volume, light weight, excellent performance. It provides an important technical reserve for the improvement and finalization of the prototype in the future.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V279;TN822
本文编号：2271280
[Abstract]:In recent years, the technology and application of UAV have been paid more and more attention to all over the world. The UAV is developing in the direction of serialization and systematization. The cost of developing and using medium and short-range UAV is low, at the same time, Because medium and short range UAV does not need airport or special runway, it has the characteristics of low take-off and landing conditions and low take-off and landing risk, so it becomes the main type of UAV application. UAV ground control station is an essential part of UAV system. At present, UAV ground control station is developing towards vehicle, portable and lightweight. At the same time, more and more attention is paid to the research of multi-station measurement and control system. As an important channel equipment for multi-machine measurement and control, the research on antenna array technology of UAV TT & C array is also of great significance. At present, the most widely used UAV is the small and medium-sized UAV, its range is about 10 to 50Km, but the portable multi-ground measurement and control equipment often uses omnidirectional antenna, the antenna gain is not high, so the working distance of UAV is difficult to reach the upper limit. By increasing the ground antenna gain, it can effectively pull the operating distance of the equipment without increasing the power consumption of the airborne measurement and control equipment, and the dependence of the earth station antenna on the servo machine can be eliminated by adopting the multi-beam electron beam scanning technology. Reduce the weight of the equipment, improve the flexibility of the use of equipment. On the basis of the previous UAV TT & C antenna technology, the antenna array technology of L-band UAV TT & C array is deeply studied in this paper. Combined with the engineering practice, the detailed design scheme and antenna are discussed. Design and simulation of multi-beam network. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the development and equipment of UAV TT & C technology at home and abroad are briefly introduced, and the technical difficulty and solving measures of the single station and multi-machine TT & C array antenna involved in this paper are described. Secondly, the realization scheme of single station and multi-machine array antenna is described, and the design scheme of light portable UAV measurement and control array antenna is established. The principle of microstrip antenna and the basic method of broadband design, the working principle of passive fixed multi-beam network and the method of broadband design are introduced in detail. The system indexes of time-division multi-beam system based on phased array and passive multi-beam system based on Butler matrix are analyzed, and the technical requirements of related components are confirmed. The antenna unit is analyzed by HFSS,Designer electromagnetic simulation tool. The Butler matrix and the pattern behind the array are simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed and summarized. Finally, some components are tested and analyzed in detail. The test data show that the design can meet the overall requirements, small volume, light weight, excellent performance. It provides an important technical reserve for the improvement and finalization of the prototype in the future.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V279;TN822
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 陈春红;叶海荣;孙国俊;;毫米波Rotman透镜天线设计[J];电子工程师;2006年11期
，本文编号：2271280
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