微型SAR数字处理组件设计
发布时间：2018-10-18 19:36
【摘要】：合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像利用合成孔径原理和脉冲压缩技术,突破了天线孔径对方位向分辨率的限制,实现了对远距离目标进行二维高分辨率成像。但是传统的SAR系统结构复杂,体积大,能耗高,限制了SAR的大规模应用。因此,研制体积小,重量轻,功耗低的微型SAR系统意义重大。本文设计了一种新的微型SAR数字处理组件,所取得的主要研究成果为:1.根据微型SAR系统提出的技术指标,计算得到微型SAR数字处理组件的参数要求,依据这些参数设计了一种新的针对微型SAR成像系统的数字处理组件,即以内嵌处理器核的单片现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为核心,外接数模转换(DA),模数转换(AD)和闪存(FLASH)等多种芯片来实现信号产生,回波采集,数据处理和图像存储等功能,完成微型SAR的实时成像。2.详细介绍了微型SAR数字处理组件上各个模块的硬件设计,包括技术指标,功能描述,芯片选型和电路设计。同时针对数字处理板卡特定的尺寸要求,即长度不大于120毫米,宽度不大于80毫米,介绍了具体印制电路板(PCB)布局和布线方法,在满足尺寸的前提下利用布局和布线来提高系统性能。3.对微型SAR成像系统的软件设计进行了详细阐述,包括成像程序的总体设计,雷达定时时序设计,DA程序,AD程序,FLASH程序,伺服驱动程序和接口模块程序设计。而且对主要模块进行了功能测试,给出测试方法和步骤,得到测试结果符合指标要求。4.在设计DA程序时,采用了一种新的波形产生方法。利用FPGA中处理器系统(PS)和可编程逻辑(PL)之间的AXI互联总线,通过PS中的数学函数更新PL中存储器的波形,实现任意波形的实时产生和波形补偿。5.对PS和PL之间的数据通信进行了研究,介绍了几种主要的通信方式,阐述了其特点和优劣。并针对回波采集模块,提出了具体的实现方法。6.设计了针对图像存储的文件系统。文件系统在PS中用C语言实现,能提供写文件,读文件,删文件等简单命令。使用户可以直接通过上位机界面控制数字处理组件进行图像存储和读取,屏蔽底层FLASH的具体操作,提高系统的人机交互能力。
[Abstract]:Using the principle of synthetic aperture and pulse compression, (SAR) imaging of synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) breaks through the limitation of antenna aperture to azimuth resolution and realizes two-dimensional high-resolution imaging of long range target. However, the traditional SAR system has complex structure, large volume and high energy consumption, which limits the large-scale application of SAR. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a miniature SAR system with small volume, light weight and low power consumption. A new miniature SAR digital processing module is designed in this paper. The main research results are as follows: 1. According to the technical index proposed by the micro SAR system, the parameter requirements of the micro SAR digital processing module are calculated. According to these parameters, a new digital processing module for the micro SAR imaging system is designed. That is to say, the single-chip field programmable gate array (FPGA) with embedded processor core is used as the core, and a variety of chips, such as digital-to-analog conversion (DA), analog-to-digital conversion (AD) and flash memory (FLASH), are added to realize the functions of signal generation, echo acquisition, data processing and image storage. Complete micro SAR real-time imaging. 2. The hardware design of each module on the miniature SAR digital processing module is introduced in detail, including technical index, function description, chip selection and circuit design. At the same time, according to the special size requirement of the digital processing board, that is, the length is not more than 120mm and the width is not more than 80mm, this paper introduces the (PCB) layout and wiring method of the printed circuit board. Use layout and wiring to improve system performance on the premise of satisfying dimensions. 3. The software design of micro SAR imaging system is described in detail, including the overall design of imaging program, radar timing design, DA program, AD program, FLASH program, servo driver program and interface module program design. Furthermore, the main modules are tested, and the test methods and steps are given, and the test results meet the requirements of the index. 4. 4. In the design of DA program, a new waveform generation method is adopted. Using the AXI interconnection bus between the processor system (PS) and the programmable logic (PL) in FPGA, the waveform of the memory in PL is updated by the mathematical function in PS, and the real-time generation and waveform compensation of any waveform are realized. 5. This paper studies the data communication between PS and PL, introduces several main communication methods, and expounds its characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. And for echo acquisition module, the specific implementation method. 6. 6. A file system for image storage is designed. File system is implemented in C language in PS. It can provide simple commands such as writing files, reading files, deleting files and so on. The user can store and read the image directly through the upper computer interface control digital processing module, shield the concrete operation of the bottom FLASH, and improve the man-machine interaction ability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52
本文编号：2280158
[Abstract]:Using the principle of synthetic aperture and pulse compression, (SAR) imaging of synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) breaks through the limitation of antenna aperture to azimuth resolution and realizes two-dimensional high-resolution imaging of long range target. However, the traditional SAR system has complex structure, large volume and high energy consumption, which limits the large-scale application of SAR. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a miniature SAR system with small volume, light weight and low power consumption. A new miniature SAR digital processing module is designed in this paper. The main research results are as follows: 1. According to the technical index proposed by the micro SAR system, the parameter requirements of the micro SAR digital processing module are calculated. According to these parameters, a new digital processing module for the micro SAR imaging system is designed. That is to say, the single-chip field programmable gate array (FPGA) with embedded processor core is used as the core, and a variety of chips, such as digital-to-analog conversion (DA), analog-to-digital conversion (AD) and flash memory (FLASH), are added to realize the functions of signal generation, echo acquisition, data processing and image storage. Complete micro SAR real-time imaging. 2. The hardware design of each module on the miniature SAR digital processing module is introduced in detail, including technical index, function description, chip selection and circuit design. At the same time, according to the special size requirement of the digital processing board, that is, the length is not more than 120mm and the width is not more than 80mm, this paper introduces the (PCB) layout and wiring method of the printed circuit board. Use layout and wiring to improve system performance on the premise of satisfying dimensions. 3. The software design of micro SAR imaging system is described in detail, including the overall design of imaging program, radar timing design, DA program, AD program, FLASH program, servo driver program and interface module program design. Furthermore, the main modules are tested, and the test methods and steps are given, and the test results meet the requirements of the index. 4. 4. In the design of DA program, a new waveform generation method is adopted. Using the AXI interconnection bus between the processor system (PS) and the programmable logic (PL) in FPGA, the waveform of the memory in PL is updated by the mathematical function in PS, and the real-time generation and waveform compensation of any waveform are realized. 5. This paper studies the data communication between PS and PL, introduces several main communication methods, and expounds its characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. And for echo acquisition module, the specific implementation method. 6. 6. A file system for image storage is designed. File system is implemented in C language in PS. It can provide simple commands such as writing files, reading files, deleting files and so on. The user can store and read the image directly through the upper computer interface control digital processing module, shield the concrete operation of the bottom FLASH, and improve the man-machine interaction ability of the system.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52
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