GNSS多模接收机的硬件一体化设计与实现

发布时间：2018-10-22 20:33

【摘要】：GNSS的兴起促成了国内外对多模导航定位接收机进行研究的热潮。在此大环境之下,本文设计了一款兼容北斗、GPS和GLONASS的民用信号及北斗军用信号的三系统四频点接收机板卡。论文的主要工作集中在硬件电路的设计和调试上。最终实现的接收机既可以同时接收来自不同系统的卫星信号进行单系统定位,也可以进行联合解算,接收机定位精度高,灵敏度高,首次定位时间短。整个接收机板卡长约88mm,宽约57mm,功能完备,稳定可靠。整个接收机硬件系统的设计工作秉承一体化的设计思想,综合考虑各个频点上卫星信号的异同点,提出了一种高性能、高集成度、高性价比的整体方案。在整体方案的基础上,论文提出了一种兼容无源天线和有源天线的射频前端实现方法,同时还针对北斗的军用频点提出了一种综合运用通用卫星电视接收机芯片和高速高分辨率模数转换器的射频通道实现方法,让这部分设计不再依赖于专用芯片。以上提到的三点是本文的主要创新之处。论文的主要内容如下： 1)介绍GNSS的发展历程和多模接收机研究现状,本文的研究意义； 2)简述卫星导航定位系统的工作原理和卫星信号的信号特征； 3)对接收机硬件系统做出需求分析并通过论证给出接收机的整体方案,在整体方案的基础上完成射频前端、数字信号处理单元、对外接口、电源系统和时钟网络这五个主要分系统的设计； 4)研究接收机印制电路板的整体设计要点,研究高密度印制电路板的布局方法、射频和高速数字混合信号的布线策略。 5)介绍接收机调试过程中遇到的问题以及测试和解决的方法,测试整机的各项指标,并总结出硬件系统调试的一般方法。 6)对接收机设计提出总结,展望其未来的发展方向。
[Abstract]:The rise of GNSS has contributed to the upsurge of research on multi-mode navigation and positioning receivers at home and abroad. In this environment, this paper designs a three-system four-frequency receiver board compatible with Beidou, GPS and GLONASS civil signals and Beidou military signals. The main work of this paper is to design and debug the hardware circuit. The final receiver can not only receive satellite signals from different systems for single system positioning at the same time, but also perform joint calculation. The receiver has high positioning accuracy, high sensitivity and short initial positioning time. The whole receiver board is about 88 mm long and 57 mm wide. The design of the whole receiver hardware system is based on the integrated design idea, and considering the similarities and differences of satellite signals at various frequency points, a scheme of high performance, high integration and high performance-to-price ratio is proposed. On the basis of the whole scheme, a method of RF front-end compatible with passive antenna and active antenna is proposed. At the same time, for the military frequency point of Beidou, a method of synthetically using the general satellite TV receiver chip and the high speed high resolution A / D converter to realize the RF channel is put forward, which makes the design of this part no longer depend on the special chip. The three points mentioned above are the main innovations of this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the development of GNSS and the research status of multimode receiver, the significance of this paper, 2) the working principle of satellite navigation and positioning system and the signal characteristics of satellite signal; 3) the requirements of the receiver hardware system are analyzed and the whole scheme of the receiver is given. The RF front-end, the digital signal processing unit and the external interface are completed on the basis of the overall scheme. Design of five main subsystems of power supply system and clock network. 4) study the whole design points of receiver printed circuit board, study the layout method of high density printed circuit board, The routing strategy of RF and high speed digital mixed signals. 5) introduce the problems encountered in the debugging process of the receiver, the methods of testing and solving, and test the indexes of the whole machine. The general methods of hardware system debugging are summarized. 6) the receiver design is summarized and its future development is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN965.5

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