MIMO成像雷达硬件系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-10-24 12:21

【摘要】：MIMO成像雷达克服了传统实孔径雷达方位分辨率受天线尺寸限制,合成孔径雷达积累时间过长的缺点,有着传统成像雷达难以比拟的高方位分辨率。在近十年基本理论研究的过程中,世界各地的科研机构设计了各种结构的MIMO成像雷达系统用于理论的实际验证。而反观国内,相关的验证系统非常稀少。因此,本文开展了 MIMO成像雷达硬件系统的设计与实现工作,用于相关理论算法的验证。本文在介绍MIMO雷达基本原理的基础上,提出了 MIMO成像雷达硬件系统的实现技术指标,并给出了具体实现方案。系统由雷达信号波形发生器、信号处理平台和射频收发机三个独立模块组成。在实际使用的过程中,可以根据不同的需求对各个模块进行相应更换。接下来,对每个模块的任务需求、技术指标、实现方案和具体硬件实现进行了详细的介绍。根据MIMO成像雷达常用雷达信号波形的特点,提出了基于DDS合成技术的雷达信号波形发生器实现方案,其具有8个输出通道,在0～400 MHz频带内波形频率、相位任意可控。然后,对MIMO成像雷达所涉及的基本数字信号处理技术进行了分析,提出了基于DSP+FPGA双核架构的信号处理平台实现方案,既满足了数字信号处理大数据量、高复杂度和强实时性的要求,又满足了作为系统主控控制系统各个模块的要求。最后,根据MIMO成像雷达的技术指标分别给出了使用超外差结构的雷达射频收发机的技术指标和实现方案。相应的给出了三个模块的详细电路设计与实现。最后对MIMO成像雷达系统的三个模块分别进行了测试,给出了测试结果。经过分析测试结果,可以证明雷达系统电路设计与实现是正确的,所设计的MIMO成像雷达硬件系统满足预期技术指标。
[Abstract]:MIMO imaging radar overcomes the limitation of azimuth resolution of traditional real aperture radar which is limited by antenna size and the accumulation time of synthetic aperture radar is too long. It has high azimuth resolution which is incomparable to traditional imaging radar. In the process of basic theoretical research in the past ten years, various structures of MIMO imaging radar systems have been designed around the world for the practical verification of the theory. On the other hand, at home, the relevant verification system is very rare. Therefore, the design and implementation of MIMO imaging radar hardware system are carried out in this paper. On the basis of introducing the basic principle of MIMO radar, this paper presents the technical specifications of the hardware system of MIMO imaging radar, and gives the concrete implementation scheme. The system consists of three independent modules: radar signal waveform generator, signal processing platform and radio frequency transceiver. In the process of practical use, each module can be replaced according to different requirements. Then, the task requirements, technical specifications, implementation scheme and hardware implementation of each module are introduced in detail. According to the characteristics of radar signal waveforms commonly used in MIMO imaging radar, a scheme of radar signal waveform generator based on DDS synthesis technology is proposed. It has eight output channels, waveform frequency is controlled arbitrarily in the frequency band of 0 ~ 400 MHz and the phase is controlled arbitrarily. Then, the basic digital signal processing technology involved in MIMO imaging radar is analyzed, and the realization scheme of signal processing platform based on DSP FPGA dual-core architecture is proposed, which satisfies the large amount of digital signal processing data. The requirement of high complexity and strong real-time meets the requirements of each module of the main control system. Finally, according to the technical specifications of MIMO imaging radar, the technical specifications and implementation schemes of the radio frequency transceiver using the superheterodyne structure are given respectively. The detailed circuit design and implementation of the three modules are given. Finally, three modules of MIMO imaging radar system are tested, and the test results are given. After analyzing the test results, it can be proved that the design and implementation of the radar system circuit is correct, and the MIMO imaging radar hardware system designed meets the expected technical specifications.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN958

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