基于限定区域内随机唤醒机制的WSN覆盖算法研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 19:37

【摘要】：随着嵌入式技术、无线通讯技术的发展,使得具有低功耗、多功能、低成本等优点的无线传感器网络(WSN)在各行各业得到广泛的应用。与此同时,因为传感器节点携带能量有限等缺点,使得WSN也暴露出了许多的缺点和不足。为了节省节点能量、延长WSN工作时间,许多WSN节能方法涌现出来。其中,WSN的覆盖控制方法因为能有效的节省节点能量、提高网络服务质量,而得到了众多学者的广泛关注。本文在分析研究WSN各类覆盖控制方法的基础上,针对现有覆盖控制方法需要复杂计算,并且通常忽略了传感器节点自身工作特性这一问题,提出了一种新的传感器网络覆盖控制方法:首先网络中所有节点为休眠状态,随机选择一个节点开始工作。该节点以两种不同的通讯半径向其邻居节点发送报文,对邻居区域进行划分,使得其邻居节点集被划分成两类不同节点集合:适用于唤醒的节点集合——外点集合,其所在区域为外点限定区域;适用于替换工作节点的节点集合一内点集合,其所在的区域为内点限定区域。随后网络进入初始化阶段,每一个工作节点根据优先级从其外点限定区域内随机选择一个休眠节点进行唤醒。初始化阶段后网络达到稳定阶段,当有节点电量耗尽后,会随机从其内点限定区域内选择一个节点唤醒,来填补失效节点所造成的覆盖空洞。因为选取节点的距离在一个可控范围内,所以能有效的控制传感器节点工作时所造成的冗余覆盖面积。最后进行了仿真实验,得出实验结果,并与典型的覆盖控制算法的仿真结果做了对比。结果表明,本文中提出的方法在可以满足需求网络覆盖度的基础上,能减少工作节点数量,降低覆盖冗余度,从而达到了节省节点能量,延长网络生存时间的目标。
[Abstract]:With the development of embedded technology and wireless communication technology, wireless sensor network (WSN), which has the advantages of low power consumption, multi-function and low cost, has been widely used in various industries. At the same time, because the sensor nodes carry limited energy and other shortcomings, WSN also exposed a lot of shortcomings and shortcomings. In order to save node energy and prolong the working time of WSN, many WSN energy saving methods have emerged. Among them, the coverage control method of WSN has been widely concerned by many scholars because it can effectively save energy of nodes and improve the quality of network service. Based on the analysis and study of various coverage control methods in WSN, the existing coverage control methods need complex calculation, and the performance of sensor nodes is usually ignored. A new coverage control method for sensor networks is proposed. Firstly, all nodes in the network are dormant and one node is selected randomly to start work. The node sends messages to its neighbor nodes with two different communication radii, and divides the neighbor regions into two different sets of nodes: the set of nodes suitable for wake-up, the set of outer points, The region is defined by the outer point. The set of nodes suitable for replacing working nodes is a set of interiors in which the region is defined as the inner point. Then the network is initialized and each working node randomly selects a dormant node to wake up according to its priority. After the initialization stage the network reaches the stable stage. When the power of the node is exhausted a node wake-up is randomly selected from the limited area within the node to fill the coverage void caused by the failure node. Because the distance of the sensor node is in a controllable range, the redundant coverage area can be effectively controlled when the sensor node is working. Finally, the simulation results are obtained and compared with those of the typical overlay control algorithm. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of working nodes and reduce the coverage redundancy on the basis of satisfying the requirements of network coverage, thus achieving the goal of saving node energy and prolonging the network lifetime.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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