城市场景车载自组网仿真平台及路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 14:52

【摘要】：作为智能交通系统杰出的解决方案,车载自组网(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET)近年来吸引了越来越多的关注,已成为一个研究热点。IEEE802.11p协议是对传统IEEE802.11系列协议的扩展,是专注于车载环境通信而设计的技术。VANET的通信场景和网络结构等方面与其他无线网络存在重要差别,作为VANET的一个重要环节,路由协议扮演了重要角色。本文对车载自组网的仿真平台和路由协议进行研究,搭建了基于IEEE802.11p的城市场景联合仿真平台,分析了VANET中几种典型的路由机制,并提出一种改进的路由协议。论文首先分析了车载自组网的特点、结构、应用以及接入技术与典型的路由机制,阐述了IEEE802.11p物理层和MAC层技术特性,然后在OPNET已有IEEE802.11a节点模型基础上,构建了IEEE802.11p模块,并与专业交通仿真软件VanetMobiSim搭建了城市场景下车载自组网联合仿真平台,其中VanetMobiSim负责生成道路拓扑和汽车交通数据,OPNET负责在搭建的不同城市场景中对网络协议的仿真。随后利用该仿真平台对IEEE802.11p的性能和AODV、DSR及GRP路由协议进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：IEEE802.11p比IEEE802.11a具有更优越的性能,而且相比于AODV和DSR,地理位置路由协议GRP更适合于车载自组网。为了进一步提高GRP路由协议的性能,本文还对GRP邻区尺寸的划分进行研究,通过对大量仿真数据的分析,归纳出一定网络拓扑条件下GRP邻区尺寸与VANET中汽车数量对应关系的数学模型,为GRP邻区尺寸的划分提供理论依据。在进一步深入研究GRP路由协议后,发现GRP在选择下一跳邻居节点的转发算法上存在不足,为此对GRP算法中存在的缺陷进行了优化和改进,提出一种改进的地理位置路由协议(Improved Geographical Routing Protocol, IGRP)。最后,对GRP与IGRP进行仿真对比。仿真结果表明：IGRP充分利用了路由协议中邻区划分和分层的策略,有利于选择地理位置更具优势的节点转发数据包,增加了数据包到目的节点的机会,在投递率、延迟、路由跳数和回溯数方面都优于GRP。
[Abstract]:As an outstanding solution of Intelligent Transportation system (its), (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET) has attracted more and more attention in recent years and has become a research hotspot. IEEE802.11p protocol is an extension of traditional IEEE802.11 protocols. The communication scene and network structure of VANET are different from those of other wireless networks. As an important part of VANET, routing protocol plays an important role. In this paper, the simulation platform and routing protocol of vehicular ad hoc network are studied, the urban scene joint simulation platform based on IEEE802.11p is built, several typical routing mechanisms in VANET are analyzed, and an improved routing protocol is proposed. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics, structure, application, access technology and typical routing mechanism of vehicle-mounted ad hoc network, expounds the technical characteristics of IEEE802.11p physical layer and MAC layer, and then based on the existing IEEE802.11a node model of OPNET. The IEEE802.11p module is constructed, and the vehicle ad hoc network joint simulation platform is built with the professional traffic simulation software VanetMobiSim, in which VanetMobiSim is responsible for generating road topology and vehicle traffic data. OPNET is responsible for the simulation of network protocols in different urban scenarios. Then the performance of IEEE802.11p and the routing protocols of AODV,DSR and GRP are simulated and analyzed by using the simulation platform. Simulation results show that IEEE802.11p has better performance than IEEE802.11a and is more suitable for vehicle-borne ad hoc network than AODV and GRP. In order to further improve the performance of GRP routing protocol, this paper also studies the size partition of GRP neighborhood, through the analysis of a large number of simulation data, The mathematical model of the corresponding relationship between the size of GRP neighborhood and the number of cars in VANET under certain network topology is concluded, which provides a theoretical basis for the partition of the size of GRP neighborhood. After further research on GRP routing protocol, it is found that GRP has some shortcomings in selecting next-hop neighbor node forwarding algorithm. Therefore, the defects of GRP algorithm are optimized and improved. An improved Geographic location routing Protocol (Improved Geographical Routing Protocol, IGRP).) is proposed. Finally, GRP and IGRP are simulated and compared. The simulation results show that IGRP makes full use of the strategy of dividing and stratifying the adjacent areas in the routing protocol, which is conducive to selecting the node with more advantages in geographical location to forward the data packet, increasing the chance of the packet to the destination node, delivering rate, delay, etc. Routing hops and backtracking are better than GRP.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5

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