小型化宽频带基站天线的研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 18:58

【摘要】：随着通信技术的不断发展，人们对移动通信提出了更高的要求，通信系统需要应对更大的数据容量，并且要保证通信质量和较高的数据传输速度。基站在移动通信系统中扮演着重要的角色，基站天线性能的好坏将直接影响到移动通信系统的服务质量。为了达到通信系统的要求，基站天线正向宽带化、小型化、一体化发展。天线性能取决于天线的各项性能指标，包括方向图、波瓣宽度、增益、带宽等。基站天线的设计不仅要达到指标要求，而且还要实现小型化以解决庞大的基站数量引起的站址资源匮乏的问题。微带天线具有剖面低、体积小、重量轻，，能与有源电路一起集成等优点，但其频带窄的缺点一直制约着它的发展，微带天线的应用也受到极大限制。本文利用微带天线剖面低、体积小的优点通过微带天线的宽频带技术设计了一款小型化宽频带双极化微带天线单元。天线采用十字缝隙耦合、多层积叠贴片和双层馈电等技术，这些技术的采用不仅拓宽了天线带宽，同时实现良好的阻抗匹配。双层馈电技术减小了天线尺寸，并具有良好的隔离度。通过仿真与实测，天线的性能基本满足3G基站天线的要求。本文首先对基站天线的性能指标、基站天线的选型以及微带天线的分析方法和宽频带技术进行介绍；其次，设计了一款小型化宽频带微带天线并进行仿真和理论分析，得到的仿真结果较好；第三，利用该天线单元设计天线阵并进行仿真；最后，对此小型化微带天线制作实物，并对实物进行测量，测量结果与仿真结果比较接近，其两个极化端口VSWR1.5阻抗带宽分别为40%和38.5%，涵盖3G频段。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of communication technology, people put forward higher requirements for mobile communications, communication systems need to deal with greater data capacity, and to ensure the quality of communication and high data transmission speed. Base station plays an important role in mobile communication system. The performance of base station antenna will directly affect the quality of service of mobile communication system. In order to meet the requirement of communication system, base station antenna is developing towards broadband, miniaturization and integration. Antenna performance depends on the antenna performance, including pattern, lobe width, gain, bandwidth and so on. The design of base station antenna should not only meet the requirements of the target, but also realize miniaturization to solve the problem of shortage of site resources caused by the large number of base stations. Microstrip antenna has the advantages of low profile, small volume, light weight, and can be integrated with active circuit. However, its narrow frequency band has restricted its development, and the application of microstrip antenna has been greatly limited. Based on the advantages of low profile and small size of microstrip antenna, a miniaturized broadband dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is designed by using the broadband technique of microstrip antenna. The antenna uses cross-slot coupling, multi-layer stacked patch and double-layer feed technology. These techniques not only widen the bandwidth of antenna, but also achieve good impedance matching. The double-layer feed technology reduces the antenna size and has good isolation. Through simulation and measurement, the performance of the antenna basically meets the requirements of 3G base station antenna. In this paper, the performance index of base station antenna, the selection of base station antenna, the analysis method and broadband technology of microstrip antenna are introduced. Secondly, a miniaturized broadband microstrip antenna is designed, and the simulation and theoretical analysis are carried out, and the simulation results are good. Thirdly, the antenna array is designed and simulated by the antenna element. Finally, the miniaturized microstrip antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are close to the simulation results. The VSWR1.5 impedance bandwidth of the two polarization ports is 40% and 38.5% respectively, covering the 3G band.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN828.6

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