无线传感器网络低能耗时间同步技术的研究
发布时间：2018-11-12 19:48
【摘要】：时间同步是无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Network，WSN）的一项关键技术，它为分布式系统提供了一个共同的时间基准，在数据融合、功率管理、传输调度、定位跟踪等方面都具有重要意义。因此，时间同步已成为研究的热点话题之一。 无线传感器网络部署之后，网络的寿命很大程度上取决于电池的寿命。在实际无线传感器网络中，通常节点不易收回，因此能源是一种稀缺资源。能量效率是设计无线传感器网络时间同步协议时应该优先考虑的主要因素，因此本文深入研究了低能耗的时间同步问题。本文的主要工作如下： （1）分析了无线传感器网络时间同步技术的国内外研究现状和时间同步的基本理论，对目前经典的时间同步算法进行了分析与比较，为后续的研究提供了理论基础。 （2）运用最大似然估计原理，提出了一种时钟频率偏移补偿方法。针对现有的基于发送端接收端双向时间同步的模型（例如TPSN算法等），都未考虑时钟频率偏移补偿问题，导致同步精度较低。本文通过将网络延迟建模为指数延迟模型，并对双向交换中第一个和最后一个的同步信标分组的时间戳进行采样，计算出时钟频率偏移和时钟偏移，提高了时间同步精度，延长了同步周期。 （3）针对时间同步中的时间间隔、节点间双向同步时交换的同步信标数目、以及同步模式的选择等问题，提出了一种低能耗的多跳自适应时间同步算法（MATS：Multi-hop Adaptive Time Synchronization）。该算法设计了一套灵活的机制来调整同步模式、全网重同步周期以及每对节点同步时的信标数，，并给出了对应的量化模型，同时对节点的时钟频率偏移和时钟偏移进行估计，实现了用较小的能量损耗完成长期的、全网的时间同步的目标。 （4）对上述提出的MATS算法在同步精度和能耗方面的影响因素进行了分析，并给出了几种主要节能策略。同时，对MATS算法的同步误差和能量消耗与TPSN算法进行了实验比较，理论与仿真结果表明：MATS算法在同步精度和同步能耗上都是优于TPSN算法的。 对时间同步协议的设计是需要考虑实际应用的。本文提出的时间同步算法主要是针对环境监测的应用，对于其他低功耗的应用需求，本文所采用的方法和思想也具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Time synchronization is a key technology in wireless sensor networks (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN). It provides a common time benchmark for distributed systems, in data fusion, power management, transmission scheduling, Location and tracking are of great significance. Therefore, time synchronization has become one of the hot topics. After the deployment of wireless sensor networks, the lifetime of the network depends to a great extent on the battery life. In practical wireless sensor networks, nodes are often difficult to recover, so energy is a scarce resource. Energy efficiency is the main factor that should be considered in the design of time synchronization protocol in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, the low energy consumption time synchronization problem is studied in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the research status and the basic theory of time synchronization in wireless sensor networks are analyzed, and the classical time synchronization algorithms are analyzed and compared. It provides a theoretical basis for further research. (2) using the principle of maximum likelihood estimation, a clock frequency offset compensation method is proposed. For the existing bidirectional time synchronization models based on the transmitter receiver (such as TPSN algorithm), the clock frequency offset compensation is not considered, which leads to low synchronization accuracy. In this paper, the network delay is modeled as exponential delay model, and the time stamp of the first and last synchronous beacon packets in bidirectional switching is sampled, the clock frequency offset and clock offset are calculated, and the precision of time synchronization is improved. The synchronization period is extended. (3) aiming at the time interval in time synchronization, the number of synchronous beacons exchanged between nodes, and the choice of synchronization mode. A low energy consumption adaptive time synchronization algorithm (MATS:Multi-hop Adaptive Time Synchronization).) is proposed. The algorithm designs a set of flexible mechanisms to adjust the synchronization mode, the whole network resynchronization period and the number of beacons in each pair of nodes synchronization, and gives the corresponding quantization model. At the same time, the clock frequency offset and clock offset of the node are estimated. The goal of long-term, whole-network time synchronization is achieved with small energy loss. (4) the factors affecting the synchronization accuracy and energy consumption of the proposed MATS algorithm are analyzed, and several main energy-saving strategies are given. At the same time, the synchronization error and energy consumption of the MATS algorithm are compared with the TPSN algorithm. The theoretical and simulation results show that the MATS algorithm is superior to the TPSN algorithm in synchronization accuracy and energy consumption. The design of time synchronization protocol needs to consider the practical application. The time synchronization algorithm proposed in this paper is mainly aimed at the application of environmental monitoring. For other low-power applications, the methods and ideas used in this paper also have some reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5
本文编号：2328047
[Abstract]:Time synchronization is a key technology in wireless sensor networks (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN). It provides a common time benchmark for distributed systems, in data fusion, power management, transmission scheduling, Location and tracking are of great significance. Therefore, time synchronization has become one of the hot topics. After the deployment of wireless sensor networks, the lifetime of the network depends to a great extent on the battery life. In practical wireless sensor networks, nodes are often difficult to recover, so energy is a scarce resource. Energy efficiency is the main factor that should be considered in the design of time synchronization protocol in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, the low energy consumption time synchronization problem is studied in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the research status and the basic theory of time synchronization in wireless sensor networks are analyzed, and the classical time synchronization algorithms are analyzed and compared. It provides a theoretical basis for further research. (2) using the principle of maximum likelihood estimation, a clock frequency offset compensation method is proposed. For the existing bidirectional time synchronization models based on the transmitter receiver (such as TPSN algorithm), the clock frequency offset compensation is not considered, which leads to low synchronization accuracy. In this paper, the network delay is modeled as exponential delay model, and the time stamp of the first and last synchronous beacon packets in bidirectional switching is sampled, the clock frequency offset and clock offset are calculated, and the precision of time synchronization is improved. The synchronization period is extended. (3) aiming at the time interval in time synchronization, the number of synchronous beacons exchanged between nodes, and the choice of synchronization mode. A low energy consumption adaptive time synchronization algorithm (MATS:Multi-hop Adaptive Time Synchronization).) is proposed. The algorithm designs a set of flexible mechanisms to adjust the synchronization mode, the whole network resynchronization period and the number of beacons in each pair of nodes synchronization, and gives the corresponding quantization model. At the same time, the clock frequency offset and clock offset of the node are estimated. The goal of long-term, whole-network time synchronization is achieved with small energy loss. (4) the factors affecting the synchronization accuracy and energy consumption of the proposed MATS algorithm are analyzed, and several main energy-saving strategies are given. At the same time, the synchronization error and energy consumption of the MATS algorithm are compared with the TPSN algorithm. The theoretical and simulation results show that the MATS algorithm is superior to the TPSN algorithm in synchronization accuracy and energy consumption. The design of time synchronization protocol needs to consider the practical application. The time synchronization algorithm proposed in this paper is mainly aimed at the application of environmental monitoring. For other low-power applications, the methods and ideas used in this paper also have some reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5
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