微弱光信号检测系统的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-11-17 11:52

【摘要】：随着现代光电子技术的迅速发展，各类光电转换器件的不断出现，光电检测技术的应用领域越来越广泛,尤其是微弱光信号检测技术的应用发展。微弱光信号检测中，，常常由于信号动态范围宽、背景噪声大给信号检测带来较大的困难。本文根据微弱光信号检测技术原理，设计了一种基于单片机的微弱光信号检测系统。首先，本文探讨了微弱光信号检测技术的研究背景和国内外研究现状，对比了在微弱光信号检测中常用的几种方法。其次，对于微弱光信号检测系统的放大电路模块、电路控制模块、电源电路、信号采集与传输模块进行了详细的介绍和讨论。其中，重点分析了放大电路部分，利用对数放大器的信号压缩功能，结合积分放大器原理实现宽动态、大噪声信号的压缩和变换，使信号平稳变换输出，有效的被提取出来。对于系统的软件部分采用单片机C语言编写程序。然后，利用两种光电二极管（PN型和PIN型）对微弱光信号检测系统的入射光功率特性和入射光频率特性进行了讨论和分析，并测量了实际的发光二极管的光谱。最后，对系统电路测量结果和输出特性进行了总结，并提出了该课题下一步研究工作。微弱光信号检测系统电路的测量结果表明，该系统在微弱光信号检测中达到较理想的效果。系统电路成本较低、速度较快、操作灵活，可以用于多种场合下的微弱信号的检测。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern optoelectronic technology and the continuous emergence of various photoelectric conversion devices, the application of photoelectric detection technology is becoming more and more extensive, especially the application of weak optical signal detection technology. In weak optical signal detection, it is often difficult to detect the signal because of the wide dynamic range of the signal and the large background noise. According to the principle of weak optical signal detection, a weak optical signal detection system based on single chip microcomputer is designed in this paper. Firstly, this paper discusses the research background of weak optical signal detection technology and the current research situation at home and abroad, and compares several methods commonly used in weak optical signal detection. Secondly, the amplifier circuit module, circuit control module, power supply circuit, signal acquisition and transmission module of weak light signal detection system are introduced and discussed in detail. Among them, the amplifying circuit is analyzed emphatically. The signal compression function of logarithmic amplifier and the principle of integral amplifier are used to realize the compression and transformation of wide-dynamic and high-noise signals, so that the signals can be output smoothly and extracted effectively. For the software part of the system using single-chip C language programming. Then, two kinds of photodiodes (PN and PIN) are used to analyze the incident light power and frequency characteristics of the weak light signal detection system, and the spectrum of the light emitting diodes is measured. Finally, the measurement results and output characteristics of the system circuit are summarized, and the next research work is put forward. The measurement results of the circuit of the weak optical signal detection system show that the system achieves satisfactory results in the weak optical signal detection. Because of its low cost, high speed and flexible operation, the system can be used to detect weak signals in many situations.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN911.23

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