水声通信系统中收发信机的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-11-21 15:46

【摘要】：陆地资源的日益减少使人们把目光投向了海洋，随着科学技术的不断发展，水下通信的技术也逐渐得到了人们的关注。无论是在国防军事领域、工业领域还是民用领域，，水下通信的实时准确都是其水下活动的的先决条件和可靠保障。然而，水下通信系统中最基本也是最关键的问题就是如何设计一个高效稳定的发射机确保信号的正确传输，同时设计一个灵活可变的接收机确保信号的正常接收。因此本论文针对这一问题，分别设计、制作、调试了与水声换能器相匹配的发射机和可以自动控制增益的接收机，并测试该水下通信系统的性能。首先，本文对水下通信技术的研究背景和实际意义进行了简要的介绍，着重分析了水声换能器的技术参数和等效电路模型，并对其匹配形式进行了相应的研究，给出了该水声通信系统的工作频率和频带宽度等技术指标。其次，针对驱动水声换能器的发射机，分析讨论了不同种类功率放大器的性能差异和结构特点，为了实现功耗小、效率高、稳定可靠、线性良好等技术指标，采用了D类功率放大的方式，为此分别设计了PWM调制模块、死区控制模块、驱动模块、功率放大模块、滤波输出模块，再将这几部分整合形成满足要求的水声发射机。再次，由于水下传播距离的不同，对于信号衰减的程度也不同，为了在一定的动态范围内稳定接收信号，便于对接收到的信号进行后续的信号处理，同时为了减少程控芯片内存的压力，本文通过设计硬件电路，实现了一款满足80dB大动态范围具有自动控制增益效果的水声接收机。最后，在实际的水下环境中对所设计的发射机和接收机进行实际的测试实验，测试结果表明，水声发射机稳定可靠、效率高、热损耗小；接收机性能稳定，在一定的动态范围下可将接收信号稳定在预期幅值。因此，该水声通信系统基本达到预期指标，具有稳定可靠的性能。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, people pay more and more attention to the underwater communication technology. The real-time accuracy of underwater communication is the precondition and reliable guarantee of underwater activities, whether in the field of national defense, industry or civilian. However, the most basic and key problem in underwater communication system is how to design an efficient and stable transmitter to ensure the correct transmission of the signal, and to design a flexible and variable receiver to ensure the normal reception of the signal. Therefore, in this paper, the transmitter matching with underwater acoustic transducer and the receiver which can automatically control the gain are designed, fabricated and debugged respectively, and the performance of the underwater communication system is tested. Firstly, the research background and practical significance of underwater communication technology are briefly introduced, and the technical parameters and equivalent circuit model of underwater acoustic transducer are emphatically analyzed, and the corresponding matching forms are studied. The operating frequency and bandwidth of the underwater acoustic communication system are given. Secondly, aiming at the transmitter driving underwater acoustic transducer, the performance difference and structure characteristics of different kinds of power amplifiers are analyzed and discussed. In order to realize the technical indexes of low power consumption, high efficiency, stability and reliability, good linearity, etc. For this reason, the PWM modulation module, dead-time control module, driving module, power amplifier module, filter output module are designed, and the underwater acoustic transmitters are integrated to meet the requirements. Thirdly, because of the difference of underwater propagation distance, the degree of signal attenuation is also different. In order to stabilize the received signal in a certain dynamic range, it is convenient for the received signal to carry on the follow-up signal processing. At the same time, in order to reduce the pressure of programmable chip memory, a underwater acoustic receiver with automatic gain control effect in large dynamic range of 80dB is realized by designing hardware circuit. Finally, the test results of the designed transmitter and receiver in the underwater environment show that the underwater acoustic transmitter is stable and reliable, with high efficiency and low heat loss. The performance of the receiver is stable and the received signal can be stabilized in the expected amplitude in a certain dynamic range. Therefore, the underwater acoustic communication system basically meets the expected targets and has stable and reliable performance.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.3

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