采用双光栅多色仪的纯转动拉曼测温激光雷达：光机系统设计、研制和测量结果分析
发布时间：2018-11-25 17:28
【摘要】：我们成功研发了一套纯转动拉曼测温激光雷达系统。我们为雷达的分光系统设计了一台双光栅多色仪,用于提取纯转动拉曼信号和抑制弹性波长杂散光。本文首次介绍了一种用于校准双光栅多色仪和检验其光谱提取能力(中心波长,接收带宽)的方法。我们的雷达系统拥有大功率孔径积,使我们能够在更大的高度范围(～5-30km),精准的测量大气温度。高度分辨率为300m,1小时累积的温度剖面的1σ统计不确定性在～17km不超过0.5K,在-26.3km不超过2.0K。 本文从理论,实验和数据分析三个方面,对这台激光雷达系统做了详细的介绍。包括：纯转动拉曼测温原理和误差来源分析(第2章)；雷达系统设计,校准和检验,系统常数稳定性(第3-5章)；雷达的温度剖面,中-高对流层逆温和大气温度变化特点(第5-6章)。具体的工作概括如下： 1.从雷达方程出发,介绍纯转动拉曼测温的原理,并分析了雷达测温的误差来源。对于我们所采用的双光栅多色仪提取方式,逼近误差可以忽略不计。在后向散射比比较大的情况,泄漏误差明显。当两个纯转动拉曼通道在弹性波长的光学厚度大于6,且高J通道比低J通道的光学厚度稍大,可以很好的消减泄漏误差。统计误差是测温误差的主要来源,我们总结出降低统计误差的原则：尽量选择宽带接收,并让两个通道的接收带宽差异尽量小。 2.介绍了纯转动拉曼激光雷达系统的研制工作,重点介绍了双光栅多色仪的光路设计。我们通过实验方法和理论计算分别确定了光纤耦合方式雷达的接收视场。我们以双光栅多色仪中的透镜光轴作为参考,将光纤束阵列端面中心轴和光栅法线分别与其调节重合和平行。在此基础上,依次校准两级多色仪。最后,检验了多色仪的光谱提取能力,发现中心波长与理论值偏差只有0.05-0.12nm,证明了校准方法是正确的。通过比较多次标定得到的系统常数,发现信号的不确定性对系统常数稳定性的影响比较小,外界条件的差异对其影响更大。 3.根据4.5-14.5km是否存在逆温层,将高质量温度数据分为两组。通过对两个夜晚温度剖面的详细分析,没有逆温层时,整晚所有1小时温度结构在对流层很相似。平均和最大逐小时温度变化不超过1K和～0.5-2.0K。平流层的温度变化随高度的升高而增大,平均和最大逐小时温度变化分别为～1-3K和～2-6K。天到天的变化,在中-低对流层和对流层顶附近的变化要强于逐小时变化。有逆温层时,逆温层内的温度变化显著,平均和最大逐小时温度变化为1-1.6K和接近～3.0K。将整晚的所有1小时温度剖面叠在一起,逆温层的高度会出现“结”,这种现象在逆温层内非常普遍。我们发现“结”与逆温层整晚随风剪切层垂直运动有关。在逆温层之外的其他高度,温度变化与没有逆温层时的情况类似。 逆温层和风剪切层的中心高度和厚度的分布形态非常相似。另外,逆温层和剪切层的中心高度,厚度,强度随时间-高度变化比较一致,我们推断4.5-14.5km的逆温层与冬春季节急流产生的强剪切有关。通过统计分析发现,有逆温层的夜晚温度变化幅度整体大于没有逆温层的夜晚,且多在4-12km和15-23km产生更大的温度变化。而这两个高度范围,纬向风的剪切很强。说明因强剪切产生的逆温层,在整晚随剪切层垂直运动的过程中,会带来比较明显的温度变化。
[Abstract]:We successfully developed a set of pure-rotating Raman temperature measuring laser radar system. We designed a dual-grating multi-color instrument for radar's light-splitting system, which is used for extracting pure-rotating Raman signal and suppressing the stray light of elastic wavelength. In this paper, a method for calibrating a dual-grating multi-color instrument and checking its spectral extraction capability (central wavelength, receiving bandwidth) is presented for the first time. Our radar system has a high-power aperture product so that we can measure the atmospheric temperature more accurately at a greater height (~ 5-30km). The statistical uncertainty of the one-hour statistical uncertainty of the temperature profile accumulated at the height of 300m and 1 hour is not more than 0. 5K at -17km and no more than 2.0K at -263.3km. In this paper, the laser radar system is described in detail from three aspects: theory, experiment and data analysis. Introduction. Includes: pure rotational Raman temperature measurement principle and error source analysis (chapter 2); radar system design, calibration and inspection, system constant stability (chapter 3-5); temperature profile of radar, medium-high troposphere and atmospheric temperature change characteristics (Part 5-6) Chapter). Specific work summary The principle of pure rotational Raman temperature measurement is introduced from the radar equation, and the temperature measurement of radar is also analyzed. The error source of the two-grating multi-color instrument used by us is that the approximation error can in a case where the backward scattering ratio is relatively large, the leakage error is obvious, when the optical thickness of the two pure-rotating raman channels at the elastic wavelength is more than 6, and the optical thickness of the high-j channel is slightly larger than the optical thickness of the low-j channel, the optical thickness of the two pure-rotating raman channels can be well eliminated, Reducing the leakage error. The statistical error is the main source of the temperature measurement error. We summarize the principle of reducing the statistical error: choose the wideband reception as much as possible, and let the receiving bandwidth of the two channels The difference is as small as possible. 2. The development of the pure-rotating Raman laser radar system is introduced, and the double-grating is emphatically introduced. The optical path of the multi-color instrument is designed. The optical fiber coupler is determined by the experimental method and the theoretical calculation, respectively. in the invention, the optical axis of the lens in the double-grating multi-color instrument is taken as a reference, and the central axis of the end face of the optical fiber bundle array and the normal normal of the grating are respectively and which is adjusted to be coincident and parallel, on the basis of which At last, the spectral extraction capability of the multi-color instrument was examined. The deviation between the central wavelength and the theoretical value was found to be only 0.05-0.12nm. The calibration method is correct. By comparing the system constants obtained by multiple calibration, the uncertainty of the signal is found to be less affected by the stability of the system, and the external conditions The difference has a greater effect on it. 3. If there is an inversion layer in accordance with 4.5 -145.5km, it will The high-quality temperature data is divided into two groups. With a detailed analysis of the two night temperature profiles, there is no inversion layer, all the night The temperature structure is very similar in the troposphere. The average and maximum hourly temperature changes do not exceed 1 The temperature change of the stratosphere increases with the increase of the altitude, and the average and maximum hourly temperature changes are The changes of ~ 1-3K and ~ 2-6K. on the day to day, in the middle-low troposphere and the tropopause The change in the inversion layer is stronger than the one-hour change. In the case of an inversion layer, the temperature in the inversion layer changes significantly, and the average and maximum hourly temperature change is 1-1.. 6K and close to-3.0K. All the 1-hour temperature profiles all night are stacked together, and the height of the inversion layer will appear in the "trunk>" The " junction" and the inversion layer all night relative to the vertical movement of the shear layer of the wind. The center height and thickness of the inversion layer and the shear layer are very similar. In addition, the center height, thickness and strength of the inversion layer and the shear layer are more consistent with the time-height variation, and we conclude that the inverse temperature layer of 4.5-145.5km The results of the statistical analysis show that the temperature variation of the night temperature of the inversion layer is greater than that of the night without the inversion layer, and it is more than 4-12km and 15.-23km, resulting in greater temperature changes. a high-range, weft-to-wind shear. It is a process of vertical movement of the shear layer all night due to the inversion of the thermal layer due to strong shea
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P406;TN958.98
本文编号：2356888
[Abstract]:We successfully developed a set of pure-rotating Raman temperature measuring laser radar system. We designed a dual-grating multi-color instrument for radar's light-splitting system, which is used for extracting pure-rotating Raman signal and suppressing the stray light of elastic wavelength. In this paper, a method for calibrating a dual-grating multi-color instrument and checking its spectral extraction capability (central wavelength, receiving bandwidth) is presented for the first time. Our radar system has a high-power aperture product so that we can measure the atmospheric temperature more accurately at a greater height (~ 5-30km). The statistical uncertainty of the one-hour statistical uncertainty of the temperature profile accumulated at the height of 300m and 1 hour is not more than 0. 5K at -17km and no more than 2.0K at -263.3km. In this paper, the laser radar system is described in detail from three aspects: theory, experiment and data analysis. Introduction. Includes: pure rotational Raman temperature measurement principle and error source analysis (chapter 2); radar system design, calibration and inspection, system constant stability (chapter 3-5); temperature profile of radar, medium-high troposphere and atmospheric temperature change characteristics (Part 5-6) Chapter). Specific work summary The principle of pure rotational Raman temperature measurement is introduced from the radar equation, and the temperature measurement of radar is also analyzed. The error source of the two-grating multi-color instrument used by us is that the approximation error can in a case where the backward scattering ratio is relatively large, the leakage error is obvious, when the optical thickness of the two pure-rotating raman channels at the elastic wavelength is more than 6, and the optical thickness of the high-j channel is slightly larger than the optical thickness of the low-j channel, the optical thickness of the two pure-rotating raman channels can be well eliminated, Reducing the leakage error. The statistical error is the main source of the temperature measurement error. We summarize the principle of reducing the statistical error: choose the wideband reception as much as possible, and let the receiving bandwidth of the two channels The difference is as small as possible. 2. The development of the pure-rotating Raman laser radar system is introduced, and the double-grating is emphatically introduced. The optical path of the multi-color instrument is designed. The optical fiber coupler is determined by the experimental method and the theoretical calculation, respectively. in the invention, the optical axis of the lens in the double-grating multi-color instrument is taken as a reference, and the central axis of the end face of the optical fiber bundle array and the normal normal of the grating are respectively and which is adjusted to be coincident and parallel, on the basis of which At last, the spectral extraction capability of the multi-color instrument was examined. The deviation between the central wavelength and the theoretical value was found to be only 0.05-0.12nm. The calibration method is correct. By comparing the system constants obtained by multiple calibration, the uncertainty of the signal is found to be less affected by the stability of the system, and the external conditions The difference has a greater effect on it. 3. If there is an inversion layer in accordance with 4.5 -145.5km, it will The high-quality temperature data is divided into two groups. With a detailed analysis of the two night temperature profiles, there is no inversion layer, all the night The temperature structure is very similar in the troposphere. The average and maximum hourly temperature changes do not exceed 1 The temperature change of the stratosphere increases with the increase of the altitude, and the average and maximum hourly temperature changes are The changes of ~ 1-3K and ~ 2-6K. on the day to day, in the middle-low troposphere and the tropopause The change in the inversion layer is stronger than the one-hour change. In the case of an inversion layer, the temperature in the inversion layer changes significantly, and the average and maximum hourly temperature change is 1-1.. 6K and close to-3.0K. All the 1-hour temperature profiles all night are stacked together, and the height of the inversion layer will appear in the "trunk>" The " junction" and the inversion layer all night relative to the vertical movement of the shear layer of the wind. The center height and thickness of the inversion layer and the shear layer are very similar. In addition, the center height, thickness and strength of the inversion layer and the shear layer are more consistent with the time-height variation, and we conclude that the inverse temperature layer of 4.5-145.5km The results of the statistical analysis show that the temperature variation of the night temperature of the inversion layer is greater than that of the night without the inversion layer, and it is more than 4-12km and 15.-23km, resulting in greater temperature changes. a high-range, weft-to-wind shear. It is a process of vertical movement of the shear layer all night due to the inversion of the thermal layer due to strong shea
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P406;TN958.98
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