星载P波段合成孔径雷达中的电离层效应研究
发布时间:2018-11-27 09:15
【摘要】:星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)可全天时、全天候获取大范围、高分辨图像,在军事侦察和经济建设中有着重要的应用价值。相对于高频段SAR而言,P波段SAR一方面具有更强的穿透性,可穿透地表和植被成像,是发现和探测被浅地表、植被、冰雪等覆盖的隐蔽目标的有效手段;另一方面,P波段SAR对生物量更为敏感,可对森林生物总量进行高精度测量。因此,星载P波段SAR兼具P波段SAR穿透能力强、对生物量敏感的特点和星载SAR大范围观测的优势,在隐蔽军事目标侦察、生物量统计、冰层结构探测等方面具有广阔的应用前景。然而,星载P波段SAR受到电离层色散、闪烁、法拉第旋转(Faraday Rotation,FR)等传播效应的严重影响,成为系统发展的瓶颈之一。本文紧紧围绕“星载P波段SAR电离层效应”这一关键问题,针对“电离层传播效应建模仿真”、“电离层效应影响分析”以及“电离层效应校正”等三个方面展开了系统性研究。本文主要工作包括:第二章介绍了电离层电波传播效应。首先,从电离层折射指数及其电子密度分布两个方面阐述了电离层色散、随机、各向异性的介质特性。其次,以麦克斯韦方程组为出发点,推导了背景电离层对电磁波的色散和FR效应的影响机理,以相位屏理论为例介绍了电离层的闪烁理论。第三章研究了基于电离层多相位屏理论的星载SAR信号建模与仿真。针对当前普遍采用的单相位屏理论只适用于弱闪烁情况的局限性,将多相位屏理论应用于星载SAR电离层效应模拟中,解决了星载SAR电离层强闪烁效应模拟问题。针对星载SAR信号的斜入射传播几何,通过求解抛物方程,得到了电磁波斜入射情况下的衍射结果,并将其扩展到了球面波情形。在此基础上,设计并实现了星载P波段SAR电离层效应仿真软件。第四章基于冲激响应矩阵模型分析了电离层对星载P波段SAR的影响。首先,统一建立了电离层效应对星载SAR的影响模型,将色散、闪烁及FR效应包含在星载极化SAR系统冲激响应矩阵中。然后,基于新模型研究了电离层的色散、闪烁和FR效应对星载P波段SAR的影响:提出了利用电离层非线性相位误差大小判断色散效应对SAR距离压缩性能影响的方法,该方法降低了对数值仿真的依赖性,简化了分析过程;分析了闪烁效应影响下的SAR方位压缩性能与电离层不规则体之间的关系,数值仿真验证了分析结果的正确性;分析了电离层FR效应的色散特性及其对星载极化SAR系统成像性能的影响。第五章研究了星载SAR电离层效应校正方法。提出了基于谱分割的电离层路径电子总量(Total Electron Contents,TEC)估计方法以校正色散效应,该方法不需要电离层TEC外部测量数据的辅助,可以实现SAR数据电离层色散效应的自校正;指出了相位梯度自聚焦方法的信号模型与电离层闪烁效应信号模型的联系,分析了并验证了该方法校正闪烁效应的适用性;提出了一种基于极化协方差矩阵的法拉第旋转角估计新方法,与现有方法相比,新方法在系统相位不平衡影响具有更小的均方根误差,且误差大小几乎与法拉第旋转角真值无关。仿真实验及PALSAR实测数据处理验证了上述校正方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:The star-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can acquire large-range and high-resolution images all day, and has important application value in military reconnaissance and economic construction. Compared with the high-band SAR, the P-band SAR has stronger penetration, can penetrate the surface and the vegetation, and is an effective means of finding and detecting the hidden target covered by the shallow surface, the vegetation, the ice and snow, and the like; on the other hand, the P-band SAR is more sensitive to the biomass, and high-precision measurement can be carried out on the total amount of the forest biomass. Therefore, the star-borne P-band SAR has the advantages of strong penetration ability of the P-band SAR, the characteristics of the biomass-sensitive characteristics and the wide-range observation of the satellite-borne SAR, and has wide application prospect in the aspects of covert military target reconnaissance, biomass statistics, ice-layer structure detection and the like. However, the star-borne P-band SAR is seriously affected by the propagation effects such as ionospheric dispersion, flicker, Faraday rotation (FR), and becomes one of the bottlenecks in the development of the system. This paper focuses on the key problem of the 鈥淭he Ionospheric Effect of the Star-borne P-band SAR鈥,
本文编号:2360192
[Abstract]:The star-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can acquire large-range and high-resolution images all day, and has important application value in military reconnaissance and economic construction. Compared with the high-band SAR, the P-band SAR has stronger penetration, can penetrate the surface and the vegetation, and is an effective means of finding and detecting the hidden target covered by the shallow surface, the vegetation, the ice and snow, and the like; on the other hand, the P-band SAR is more sensitive to the biomass, and high-precision measurement can be carried out on the total amount of the forest biomass. Therefore, the star-borne P-band SAR has the advantages of strong penetration ability of the P-band SAR, the characteristics of the biomass-sensitive characteristics and the wide-range observation of the satellite-borne SAR, and has wide application prospect in the aspects of covert military target reconnaissance, biomass statistics, ice-layer structure detection and the like. However, the star-borne P-band SAR is seriously affected by the propagation effects such as ionospheric dispersion, flicker, Faraday rotation (FR), and becomes one of the bottlenecks in the development of the system. This paper focuses on the key problem of the 鈥淭he Ionospheric Effect of the Star-borne P-band SAR鈥,
本文编号:2360192
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