量子密钥分发系统安全性及退相干抑制研究
发布时间：2018-11-27 13:09
【摘要】：随着量子信息技术的快速发展,量子密钥分发技术逐渐成熟,有望为实际的信息系统提供安全的密钥分发机制。量子密钥分发技术的独特优势在于它的无条件安全性,虽然其理论安全性已经得到证明,但是在实际的量子密钥分发系统中,由于设备实现的不完美,无法达到理论上的理想条件,使窃听者有机可乘,导致量子密钥分发系统的成码率降低及量子比特误码率升高。因此研究量子密钥分发系统的实际安全性对成码率和量子比特误码率的改善以及量子通信技术的发展应用有着重要意义。量子信息虽然相对于经典信息有着巨大的优势,但是在实际应用的过程中,却遇到了一个重大障碍——退相干效应,退相干是由于系统在演化的过程中与环境不可避免地相互作用导致的。在量子密钥分发系统中,即使没有攻击者存在,因为退相干效应的影响,也会使成码率降低,量子比特误码率升高。因此如何抑制退相干已经成为现阶段一个越来越重要的研究课题。本文主要研究量子密钥分发系统的实际安全性及退相干抑制两个方面。本文完成的工作包括:首先,介绍量子密钥分发系统安全性和退相干抑制研究的意义及现状,给出了量子保密通信相关的背景知识,包括量子力学的基本知识、两个典型的量子密钥分发协议BB84协议和B92协议、量子密钥分发系统中单光子信号制备及单光子探测器等关键技术。然后,详细研究了几种典型的边信道攻击方法,包括PNS攻击、相位重映射攻击、探测致盲攻击等等,同时讨论了对应的抗攻击措施。对基于B92协议的量子密钥分发系统实验平台进行分析,发现其在随机数生成、弱相干光源、偏振控制、单光子探测等方面存在的安全漏洞,并给出解决方案。其次,详细介绍弱测量-恢复的实现原理,将该方法用于抑制幅值阻尼信道噪声,通过公式推导及MATLAB仿真,验证了该方法抑制幅值阻尼信道噪声时,理想情况下可以使量子态无限趋近于初始量子态,达到完全抑制退相干的效果。最后,将弱测量-恢复方法应用于抑制相位阻尼信道噪声和退极化信道噪声,通过严格的公式推导,详细讨论该方法抑制相位阻尼信道噪声时对量子保真度的影响,分别设置弱测量强度、恢复测量强度及量子信道的退相干程度这三个参数,用MATLAB进行仿真,验证理论推导的正确性。本文对量子密钥分发系统的安全性分析及退相干抑制研究具有理论意义。本文仍需进一步研究和完善的地方有以下几个方面:(1)针对量子密钥分发实验平台存在的安全漏洞,不断对其进行改进与完善,从而提高成码率,降低量子比特误码率。(2)研究弱测量-恢复方法进行退相干抑制时对量子密钥分发系统的成码率及量子比特误码率的影响。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of quantum information technology, quantum key distribution technology is gradually mature, which is expected to provide a secure key distribution mechanism for practical information systems. The unique advantage of quantum key distribution technology lies in its unconditional security. Although its theoretical security has been proved, in the actual quantum key distribution system, due to the imperfect implementation of the device, It can not reach the ideal condition in theory, which makes the eavesdroppers take advantage of it, which leads to the decrease of the bit rate and the increase of the bit error rate of the quantum key distribution system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the practical security of quantum key distribution system for the improvement of bit rate and bit error rate and the development and application of quantum communication technology. Although quantum information has a great advantage over classical information, it has encountered a great obstacle in practical application, namely decoherence effect. Decoherence is due to the inevitable interaction between the system and the environment during the evolution process. In the quantum key distribution system, even if no attacker exists, because of the effect of decoherence, the rate of bit formation will decrease and the bit error rate of quantum bit will increase. Therefore, how to suppress decoherence has become an increasingly important research topic. This paper focuses on the practical security and decoherence suppression of quantum key distribution systems. The work accomplished in this paper includes: firstly, the significance and status of the research on security and decoherence suppression of quantum key distribution system are introduced, and the background knowledge of quantum secret communication, including the basic knowledge of quantum mechanics, is given. Two typical quantum key distribution protocols, BB84 and B92 protocols, single photon signal preparation and single photon detector in quantum key distribution system are proposed. Then, several typical side channel attack methods are studied in detail, including PNS attack, phase remapping attack, blind detection attack and so on, and the corresponding anti-attack measures are also discussed. The experimental platform of quantum key distribution system based on B92 protocol is analyzed, and the security vulnerabilities in random number generation, weak coherent light source, polarization control, single photon detection and so on are found. Secondly, the realization principle of weak measurement and recovery is introduced in detail, and the method is used to suppress the amplitude damping channel noise. Through formula derivation and MATLAB simulation, it is verified that the proposed method can suppress amplitude damping channel noise. Ideally, the quantum state can be infinitely close to the initial quantum state, and the decoherence can be completely suppressed. Finally, the weak measuring-recovery method is applied to suppress the phase damping channel noise and the depolarization channel noise. The influence of this method on the quantum fidelity of the phase damping channel noise suppression is discussed in detail by a strict formula derivation. Three parameters, weak measurement intensity, recovery measurement intensity and decoherence degree of quantum channel, are set up, respectively, and simulated by MATLAB to verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation. This paper is of theoretical significance for security analysis and decoherence suppression of quantum key distribution systems. In this paper, the following aspects are needed to be further studied and improved: (1) aiming at the security holes in the experimental platform of quantum key distribution, we constantly improve and perfect it, so as to improve the code rate. (2) the influence of weak measurement and recovery method on bit formation rate and bit error rate of quantum key distribution system is studied.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：O413;TN918.4
本文编号：2360898
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of quantum information technology, quantum key distribution technology is gradually mature, which is expected to provide a secure key distribution mechanism for practical information systems. The unique advantage of quantum key distribution technology lies in its unconditional security. Although its theoretical security has been proved, in the actual quantum key distribution system, due to the imperfect implementation of the device, It can not reach the ideal condition in theory, which makes the eavesdroppers take advantage of it, which leads to the decrease of the bit rate and the increase of the bit error rate of the quantum key distribution system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the practical security of quantum key distribution system for the improvement of bit rate and bit error rate and the development and application of quantum communication technology. Although quantum information has a great advantage over classical information, it has encountered a great obstacle in practical application, namely decoherence effect. Decoherence is due to the inevitable interaction between the system and the environment during the evolution process. In the quantum key distribution system, even if no attacker exists, because of the effect of decoherence, the rate of bit formation will decrease and the bit error rate of quantum bit will increase. Therefore, how to suppress decoherence has become an increasingly important research topic. This paper focuses on the practical security and decoherence suppression of quantum key distribution systems. The work accomplished in this paper includes: firstly, the significance and status of the research on security and decoherence suppression of quantum key distribution system are introduced, and the background knowledge of quantum secret communication, including the basic knowledge of quantum mechanics, is given. Two typical quantum key distribution protocols, BB84 and B92 protocols, single photon signal preparation and single photon detector in quantum key distribution system are proposed. Then, several typical side channel attack methods are studied in detail, including PNS attack, phase remapping attack, blind detection attack and so on, and the corresponding anti-attack measures are also discussed. The experimental platform of quantum key distribution system based on B92 protocol is analyzed, and the security vulnerabilities in random number generation, weak coherent light source, polarization control, single photon detection and so on are found. Secondly, the realization principle of weak measurement and recovery is introduced in detail, and the method is used to suppress the amplitude damping channel noise. Through formula derivation and MATLAB simulation, it is verified that the proposed method can suppress amplitude damping channel noise. Ideally, the quantum state can be infinitely close to the initial quantum state, and the decoherence can be completely suppressed. Finally, the weak measuring-recovery method is applied to suppress the phase damping channel noise and the depolarization channel noise. The influence of this method on the quantum fidelity of the phase damping channel noise suppression is discussed in detail by a strict formula derivation. Three parameters, weak measurement intensity, recovery measurement intensity and decoherence degree of quantum channel, are set up, respectively, and simulated by MATLAB to verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation. This paper is of theoretical significance for security analysis and decoherence suppression of quantum key distribution systems. In this paper, the following aspects are needed to be further studied and improved: (1) aiming at the security holes in the experimental platform of quantum key distribution, we constantly improve and perfect it, so as to improve the code rate. (2) the influence of weak measurement and recovery method on bit formation rate and bit error rate of quantum key distribution system is studied.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：O413;TN918.4
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相关期刊论文 前1条
1 蔡乐才;量子纠错码的研究[J];四川理工学院学报(自然科学版);2004年Z1期
，本文编号：2360898
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