城市环境下VANET组网及相关技术的研究

发布时间：2018-11-29 11:49

【摘要】：汽车已经成为人们出行的主要交通工具,在为人们提供交通便利的同时,也带来道路拥塞和交通事故频发等问题,智能交通系统(ITS)已经成为未来交通的发展方向。车载自组网(VANET)是在一定通信范围内的车辆之间相互交换车速、位置等信息,并自动建立的移动自组网络,是智能交通系统的基础。通过、VANET可以使车辆能够实时获取道路情况,辅助驾驶员做出及时正确的应急措施,从而避免交通事故的发生,提高交通安全性。VANET具有节点高速移动、拓扑结构变化频繁等特点。车载自组网的相关技术引起国内外学者的广泛关注。本文对城市交通环境下车载自组网的相关技术展开研究,重点探讨了VANET的组网及连通性保障技术。在组网方面,本文在对平面与分簇两种结构分析的基础上,着重探讨了基于分簇结构的组网策略。结合公交车便于管理、行驶路线固定等特点,提出了一种以公交车作为簇头的组网方案,研究并解决了簇头的选举、簇内成员的动态管理等技术问题。在网络连通性方面,针对车辆稀疏造成的通信中断问题,提出利用路边停靠车辆来缓存转发或延时容忍策略。针对拥塞造成的通信中断问题,本文分别提出了簇内和簇间两种解决方案：对于簇内拥塞,本文提出一种延长心跳报文发布周期的策略,以减缓通信压力；对于簇间拥塞,本文则通过调整低优先级消息的转发路径,以保证高优先级消息的优先传输。最后利用仿真平台对本方案的关键技术进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,本方案可有效延长连通时间,分簇结构更加稳定,同时减少丢包率,提高传输效率。
[Abstract]:Automobile has become the main vehicle for people to travel, which not only provides people with convenient transportation, but also brings problems such as road congestion and frequent traffic accidents. Intelligent Transportation system (ITS) has become the direction of traffic development in the future. Vehicle-mounted ad hoc network (VANET) is a kind of mobile ad hoc network, which can exchange speed, position and other information among vehicles within a certain communication range. It is the basis of intelligent transportation system. Through VANET, the vehicle can get the road condition in real time, assist the driver to make timely and correct emergency measures, so as to avoid the traffic accident and improve the traffic safety. The VANET has the high speed movement of the node. The topological structure changes frequently and so on. The related technologies of vehicular ad hoc networks have attracted wide attention of scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, the related technologies of vehicle-borne ad hoc networks in urban traffic environment are studied, and the networking and connectivity guarantee technologies of VANET are discussed in detail. In the aspect of networking, based on the analysis of plane structure and clustering structure, the strategy of clustering structure is discussed in this paper. Based on the characteristics of bus management and fixed running route, a scheme of bus cluster head networking is proposed. The technical problems of cluster head election, dynamic management of cluster members and so on are studied and solved. In terms of network connectivity, aiming at the problem of traffic disruption caused by sparse vehicles, a strategy of cache forwarding or delay tolerance by using roadside parked vehicles is proposed. In order to solve the problem of communication interruption caused by congestion, this paper proposes two solutions: for intra-cluster congestion, we propose a strategy to prolong the release period of heartbeat message to reduce the communication pressure; For inter-cluster congestion, the forwarding path of low-priority messages is adjusted to ensure the priority transmission of high-priority messages. Finally, the key technologies of the scheme are simulated by simulation platform. The simulation results show that the scheme can effectively prolong the connectivity time, stabilize the clustering structure, reduce packet loss rate and improve the transmission efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U495;TN929.5

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