多星时差无源定位系统研究

发布时间：2018-12-05 13:10

【摘要】：随着电子技术的迅猛发展,现代各项军事活动都离不开电子技术和电子设备的支持,掌握了电磁波的主动权就等于掌握了整个局势的主动权。电子侦察卫星以其侦测范围大、灵敏度高、机动能力强、侦察频率范围广、运行轨迹不受国家、地域因素限制的优良特点,成为了一种非常有效的信息获取手段。无源定位技术是电子侦察卫星的基础,其通过被动获取目标辐射源辐射、散射或者反射的电磁波来确定目标辐射源的位置,并且在定位的过程中,它不主动辐射电磁波来对目标进行探测,具有很好的隐蔽性,对电子对抗的发展有着重要的意义。根据定位方法的不同,无源定位可以分为测向交叉定位、时差定位、频差定位、相位差定位及混合定位,其中时差定位速度快,精度高,是应用最广的多星无源定位方法。时差定位又称为双曲线定位,它是利用目标辐射的信号到达各观察站的时间差来确定目标位置。时差定位系统包含四个部分：(1)对目标信号的选则和配对；(2)对到达各观察站时间差的估计；(3)使用一定的算法获得目标位置；(4)对定位误差进行分析。本文将系统地研究时差定位,对脉冲配对,时间参数估计,定位算法及误差进行介绍、仿真、分析,内容如下：第一章阐述了课题的背景及其意义,介绍了无源定位技术,给出了电子侦察卫星发展的现状以及今后发展的方向。第二章首先介绍了高重频脉冲配对模糊问题以及相应的解决方法,并对基于互测相等原理的高重频脉冲配对方法进行了仿真,验证了算法的可靠性；然后阐述了时差估计的两种方式：基于统一信号和基于统一时间,分别给出了基于两种方式的时差估计算法,并对基于统一信号方式的广义互相关法和三阶累积量法进行了算法仿真、对比,验证了算法的性能。第三章对时差定位的原理进行了介绍,阐述了二维、三维的几何定位原理和目标求解,给出了空间坐标系同大地坐标系之间的坐标转换公式,并对时差定位的精度进行了仿真,分析在不同的观察站分布、不同基线距离和不规则儿何中心条件下的定位精度。第四章对时差定位算法进行了介绍,阐述了线性算法、非线性算法,并对非线性算法中的最小二乘法和极大似然法进行仿真、对比,通过观察两种算法的均方根误差、克拉美罗下界和抗误差干扰能力来验证算法的定位性能。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of electronic technology, modern military activities can not be separated from the support of electronic technology and electronic equipment. Mastering the initiative of electromagnetic wave is equivalent to mastering the initiative of the whole situation. Electronic reconnaissance satellite has become a very effective means of obtaining information because of its large detection range, high sensitivity, strong maneuverability, wide range of reconnaissance frequency, not limited by national and regional factors. Passive location technology is the basis of electronic reconnaissance satellite. It determines the location of target emitter by passive acquisition of radiation, scattering or reflected electromagnetic wave of target radiation source, and in the process of location, It does not actively radiate electromagnetic waves to detect targets, which has good concealment and is of great significance to the development of electronic countermeasures. According to the different positioning methods, passive location can be divided into direction finding cross location, time difference location, frequency difference location, phase difference location and mixed positioning. Among them, the time difference positioning is fast and the accuracy is high, so it is the most widely used multi-star passive location method. Time difference location is also called hyperbolic location. It uses the time difference of the target radiation signal to reach the observation station to determine the target position. The TDOA system consists of four parts: (1) selecting and matching the target signal; (2) estimating the time difference of arrival at each observation station; (3) obtaining the target position using a certain algorithm; (4) analyzing the location error. In this paper, time difference location is systematically studied, pulse pairing, time parameter estimation, location algorithm and error are introduced, simulated and analyzed. The contents are as follows: in the first chapter, the background and significance of the subject are described, and passive location technology is introduced. The present situation of the development of electronic reconnaissance satellite and the direction of its development in the future are given. In the second chapter, the fuzzy problem of high repetition frequency pulse pair and its corresponding solution are introduced, and the simulation of high repetition frequency pulse pair method based on the principle of mutual test equality is carried out to verify the reliability of the algorithm. Then, two methods of time difference estimation: based on unified signal and based on unified time, two algorithms of time difference estimation are presented. The generalized cross-correlation method based on unified signal mode and the third-order cumulant method are simulated and compared, and the performance of the algorithm is verified. In the third chapter, the principle of moveout positioning is introduced, the geometric positioning principle of 2D and 3D is expounded, the coordinate transformation formula between spatial coordinate system and geodetic coordinate system is given, and the precision of time difference positioning is simulated. The positioning accuracy is analyzed under the conditions of different observation stations, different baseline distances and irregular centers. In chapter 4, we introduce the algorithm of time difference location, and describe the linear algorithm and nonlinear algorithm. The least square method and maximum likelihood method are simulated, and the root mean square error (RMS) of the two algorithms is compared. The lower bound of Clemero and the ability to resist error interference are used to verify the localization performance of the algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN95

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