基于ZigBee的WSN室内定位系统的研究与实现
发布时间：2018-12-10 06:47
【摘要】：随着全球卫星导航系统室内定位软肋的日益凸显,加之定位系统与通信技术的紧密结合,室内定位拓宽了个人用户位置信息的应用范围,展现出了更多的应用前景和实际需求。近年来随着无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)应用的普及,除了获取节点必要的感知数据以外,探知数据来源,明确节点位置和指定事件发生地点也成了WSN的重要功能之一。因此,利用WSN自身特点,在不增加成本投入前提下,完成节点室内定位功能,拓展WSN的应用方向,具有重要的应用研究价值和广阔的发展空间。文中首先给出了一种适合在WSN中基于接收信号强度指示(Receive Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)应用的极大似然估计直接求解定位算法。考虑窄带无线信号的路径损耗和阴影衰落,直接建立多个参考节点的RSSI值与待定位目标节点坐标之间的解析关系,避开传统RSSI定位方法中常用的对收发节点之间距离量的直接求解,减少测距误差,提高定了位精度。并通过数值仿真分析了参考节点数量、遮挡因子、路径损耗指数等因素对定位精度的影响。文中采用Zig Bee技术下CC2530无线射频芯片实现了基于RSSI的WSN定位系统。详细给出了WSN中定位节点的硬件设计过程、片上程序开发流程和计算机监控界面的设计方法。通过间接提高RSSI值的精度、设定接收RSSI值的阈值、使用计时器保证RSSI值的可靠性、优化Z-Stack协议栈等多种方法,从系统设计的角度上进一步降低了定位误差。最后给出了定位系统的实测分析,以验证系统在算法、软硬件设计上的合理性。与现有建立非线性方程组求解定位坐标的极大似然估计定位算法相比,使用本文定位算法设计实现的定位系统,提高定位点稳定度的同时,在相同定位准确度的情况下,可以明显降低定位误差。8个参考点对m4m4?正方形区域定位,其误差可降至0.36m,16个参考点对m10m10?定位区域定位,误差约为0.97m。此外,以本套定位系统为平台,本文还实测分析给出了,增加定位区域内参考节点数量、设置合适的RSSI接收阈值、参考节点角度均匀围绕未知节点摆放等,都可在一定程度上提升定位精度的结论。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent weakness of indoor positioning of global satellite navigation system and the close combination of positioning system and communication technology, indoor positioning widens the application scope of personal user location information, and shows more application prospects and practical needs. In recent years, with the popularity of wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN) applications, in addition to acquiring the necessary perceptual data of nodes, finding out the source of data, determining the location of nodes and specifying the location of events have become one of the important functions of WSN. Therefore, using the characteristics of WSN, without increasing the cost input, to complete the node indoor positioning function, expand the application direction of WSN, has important application research value and broad development space. In this paper, a direct location algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation based on received signal strength indicator (Receive Signal Strength Indication,RSSI) in WSN is presented. Considering the path loss and shadow fading of narrowband wireless signals, the analytic relationship between the RSSI values of multiple reference nodes and the coordinates of the target nodes to be located is established directly. In order to avoid the direct solution of distance between transceiver nodes, which is commonly used in traditional RSSI positioning methods, the ranging error is reduced, and the positioning accuracy is improved. The effects of the number of reference nodes, occlusion factor and path loss index on the positioning accuracy are analyzed by numerical simulation. In this paper, CC2530 radio frequency chip based on Zig Bee technology is used to realize WSN positioning system based on RSSI. The hardware design process, on-chip program development flow and the design method of computer monitor interface in WSN are presented in detail. By indirectly improving the precision of RSSI value, setting the threshold of receiving RSSI value, using timer to ensure the reliability of RSSI value and optimizing the Z-Stack protocol stack, the positioning error is further reduced from the point of view of system design. Finally, the actual measurement analysis of the positioning system is given to verify the rationality of the algorithm, software and hardware design of the system. Compared with the existing maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) localization algorithms for solving the location coordinates by establishing nonlinear equations, the positioning system designed by this method can improve the stability of the positioning points, and at the same time, the location accuracy is the same. The positioning error can be significantly reduced. 8 reference points are m4m4? The error of square region positioning can be reduced to 0.36 m, 16 reference points to m 10? The error is about 0.97 m. In addition, on the platform of the system, the paper also gives the following analysis: increasing the number of reference nodes in the location area, setting appropriate RSSI reception threshold, and placing the reference node angle evenly around the unknown node, etc. Can improve the accuracy of positioning to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
本文编号：2370147
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent weakness of indoor positioning of global satellite navigation system and the close combination of positioning system and communication technology, indoor positioning widens the application scope of personal user location information, and shows more application prospects and practical needs. In recent years, with the popularity of wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN) applications, in addition to acquiring the necessary perceptual data of nodes, finding out the source of data, determining the location of nodes and specifying the location of events have become one of the important functions of WSN. Therefore, using the characteristics of WSN, without increasing the cost input, to complete the node indoor positioning function, expand the application direction of WSN, has important application research value and broad development space. In this paper, a direct location algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation based on received signal strength indicator (Receive Signal Strength Indication,RSSI) in WSN is presented. Considering the path loss and shadow fading of narrowband wireless signals, the analytic relationship between the RSSI values of multiple reference nodes and the coordinates of the target nodes to be located is established directly. In order to avoid the direct solution of distance between transceiver nodes, which is commonly used in traditional RSSI positioning methods, the ranging error is reduced, and the positioning accuracy is improved. The effects of the number of reference nodes, occlusion factor and path loss index on the positioning accuracy are analyzed by numerical simulation. In this paper, CC2530 radio frequency chip based on Zig Bee technology is used to realize WSN positioning system based on RSSI. The hardware design process, on-chip program development flow and the design method of computer monitor interface in WSN are presented in detail. By indirectly improving the precision of RSSI value, setting the threshold of receiving RSSI value, using timer to ensure the reliability of RSSI value and optimizing the Z-Stack protocol stack, the positioning error is further reduced from the point of view of system design. Finally, the actual measurement analysis of the positioning system is given to verify the rationality of the algorithm, software and hardware design of the system. Compared with the existing maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) localization algorithms for solving the location coordinates by establishing nonlinear equations, the positioning system designed by this method can improve the stability of the positioning points, and at the same time, the location accuracy is the same. The positioning error can be significantly reduced. 8 reference points are m4m4? The error of square region positioning can be reduced to 0.36 m, 16 reference points to m 10? The error is about 0.97 m. In addition, on the platform of the system, the paper also gives the following analysis: increasing the number of reference nodes in the location area, setting appropriate RSSI reception threshold, and placing the reference node angle evenly around the unknown node, etc. Can improve the accuracy of positioning to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 戴国华;易灵芝;王根平;;一种新的基于ZigBee技术定位算法[J];计算机测量与控制;2012年04期
2 刘皇保;王涛;彭刚;;一种改进的质心定位算法[J];微型机与应用;2013年11期
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