基于无线传感器网络的大气颗粒监测系统研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 06:43

【摘要】：近年来,伴随着经济的飞速发展,全国范围内的大规模的制造业的不断扩大、以及建筑活动的增多,都不同程度地加剧了对环境大气的污染。当大气中的粉尘、固体颗粒等浓度较高、气体浑浊时,能见度即会下降,形成所谓的雾霾天气,极大地影响了人们的生产生活和身心健康。在这样的情况下,对于环境大气环境中颗粒物监测的需求就应然而生。环境大气颗粒监测的地理范围很广,现场环境各异,传统的空气质量监测系统一般采用在固定监测点监测,然后经过有线网络系统传递至数据监控中心进行汇总,需要人工干预监测活动,受地理条件影响很大。且事先设置好的监测地点不易变化,灵活性较差。为了能方便有效地监测不同地点的环境大气数据并集中汇总,以及时采取应对措施,采用无线网络技术实施远程监测。这样技术人员无须亲临现场即可在远程控制中心实时了解各地大气灰尘颗粒物等环境参数的变化情况,并对现场的异常情况作出实时响应。同时还可以使用相应的PC电脑软件对数据进行分析处理。另外整个监测系统不需要人员干预操作即可实现自动工作,达到系统的智能监控运行。基于此,本文采用Zigbee无线传感器网络技术完成了针对大气颗粒监测的系统方案设计研究。首先,在分析大气污染物的基础上,探讨了几种灰尘颗粒监测的技术方法；其次,在完成系统总体架构设计的基础上,采用模块化设计方法,重点阐述了无线传感节点以及网络中心节点的设计：选用了基于光散射技术的DSM501大气颗粒监测传感器以及空气温湿度传感器SHT10作为相关探测传感单元,用基于ARM架构的ATmega1281微处理器作为节点的核心处理单元,采用了Atmel公司生产的支持Zigbee协议的AT86RF230无线射频收发芯片来完成数据的无线传输；再次,完成了系统的运行软件设计编写,并对其中的部分重点程序进行了详细阐述；最后,通过搭建网络系统,采集实地数据进行分析,完成了系统的测试和验证,实现了预期的终端数据采集、网络模块数据传输等系统功能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the continuous expansion of large-scale manufacturing industry and the increase of construction activities, the pollution to the environment and atmosphere has been aggravated to some extent. When the concentration of dust and solid particles in the atmosphere is high and the gas is turbid, the visibility will decrease, and the so-called haze weather will be formed, which will greatly affect people's production and life and their physical and mental health. In such cases, the need for particulate matter monitoring in the ambient atmosphere should arise. The geographical range of atmospheric particle monitoring is very wide, and the field environment is different. The traditional air quality monitoring system is usually monitored at a fixed monitoring point, and then transmitted to the data monitoring center through a wired network system for collection. The need for manual intervention in monitoring activities is greatly affected by geographical conditions. And the monitoring sites set up in advance are not easy to change, and the flexibility is poor. In order to conveniently and effectively monitor the environmental atmospheric data in different locations and gather them together, the wireless network technology is used to carry out remote monitoring in order to take timely response measures. In this way, the technicians can know the changes of environmental parameters such as atmospheric dust particles and other environmental parameters in the remote control center in real time, and make a real time response to the abnormal situation in the field. At the same time, we can use the corresponding PC computer software to analyze and process the data. In addition, the whole monitoring system can work automatically without personnel intervention, and achieve the intelligent monitoring and operation of the system. Based on this, this paper uses Zigbee wireless sensor network technology to complete the system design research for atmospheric particle monitoring. Firstly, based on the analysis of atmospheric pollutants, several technical methods of dust particle monitoring are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of completing the overall architecture design of the system, the modular design method is adopted. The design of wireless sensor node and network center node is emphasized. The DSM501 atmospheric particle monitoring sensor based on light scattering technology and the air temperature and humidity sensor SHT10 are selected as the relative sensing unit. The ATmega1281 microprocessor based on ARM architecture is used as the core processing unit of the node, and the AT86RF230 radio frequency transceiver chip which supports the Zigbee protocol produced by Atmel company is used to complete the wireless transmission of data. Thirdly, the software design of the system is completed, and some of the key programs are described in detail. Finally, through building the network system, collecting the field data for analysis, the system is tested and verified, and the expected terminal data acquisition, network module data transmission and other system functions are realized.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X84;TN929.5;TP212.9

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