宽禁带微波光子晶体及其在微带天线中的研究与应用
发布时间：2018-12-29 12:48
【摘要】：光子晶体是由两种及两种以上不同介电常数的介质周期性排列而得，是1987年由S.John和E.Yablonovitch分别独立提出的。光子晶体最重要的特性是光子禁带(Photonic Band-Gap，简称PBG)。由于在光学波段的光子晶体尺度小，不易加工制造，因此将其扩展到微波频段(300MHz~300GHz)后，微波光子晶体得到了快速发展。微波光子晶体常用于光子晶体反射镜、宽带带阻滤波器、激光振荡器、多通滤波器、光子晶体光纤、光子晶体微带天线等领域。其中对光子晶体微带天线的研究是近年来新兴的一个领域，目前已成为世界各国科研工作者的研究热点。 本文首先对光子晶体的禁带特性进行研究分析，通过Rsoft公司的BandSolve软件对微波光子晶体进行建模，研究对象分别为介质柱及空气孔型的二维微波光子晶体结构。数值分析主要采用平面波分析法。在正方晶格的基础上进行改进，设计了一种可以提升正方晶格禁带宽度的新型结构，并称其为内嵌结构。具体结构细节在第三章中有详细的分析。 其次，，将介质柱型和空气孔型的内嵌结构光子晶体禁带宽度与同参数下正方晶格禁带宽度进行了对比实验研究，结果表明：对于介质柱型光子晶体，无论截面是圆形、方形、还是六边形，其TE、TM及完全禁带的禁带宽度均比内嵌结构的窄。内嵌结构光子晶体在提高原来正方晶格禁带宽度的同时，也使本无完全禁带的正方柱和六边柱型光子晶体产生完全禁带。而对于空气孔型光子晶体，截面为圆形、六边形内嵌结构光子晶体的TE、TM及完全禁带的禁带宽度均大于正方晶格的；又将内嵌结构光子晶体与三角晶格光子晶体的完全禁带宽度进行了比较研究，结论为：在多数情况下，内嵌结构光子晶体的完全禁带宽度要宽于三角晶格的，也使得三角晶格中本无完全禁带的圆形柱和六边柱光子晶体产生完全禁带。 最后，将内嵌结构光子晶体应用于双频微带天线中，并对改进后的微带天线特性进行了研究分析。经过仿真和实测，新型天线的增益提高约2dB，回波损耗减少30.6617dB，方向图主瓣增加，背瓣最大处减少15dB左右，天线具有了更好的阻抗特性和辐射特性。天线性能的改善程度均优于将普通正方晶格、三角晶格光子晶体应用到微带天线中的结果。由此得出，将内嵌结构光子晶体应用到微带天线中，可以有效抑制天线的表面波，提高天线的增益，使天线的方向图有所改善。
[Abstract]:Photonic crystals, which are arranged periodically by two or more kinds of dielectric with different dielectric constants, were proposed by S.John and E.Yablonovitch in 1987, respectively. The most important characteristic of photonic crystals is the photonic band gap (Photonic Band-Gap,). Since photonic crystals in optical band are small in scale and difficult to be machined, microwave photonic crystals have been developed rapidly after being extended to microwave frequency band (300MHz~300GHz). Microwave photonic crystals are often used in the fields of photonic crystal mirror, broadband bandstop filter, laser oscillator, multipass filter, photonic crystal fiber, photonic crystal microstrip antenna and so on. The research of photonic crystal microstrip antenna is a new field in recent years. In this paper, the band gap characteristics of photonic crystals are studied and analyzed, and the microwave photonic crystals are modeled by Rsoft's BandSolve software. The two dimensional microwave photonic crystal structures with dielectric columns and air holes are studied respectively. The numerical analysis is mainly based on plane wave analysis. Based on the improvement of square lattice, a new structure which can increase the bandgap of square lattice is designed, which is called inline structure. The details of the structure are analyzed in detail in Chapter 3. Secondly, the bandgap of embedded photonic crystals with dielectric columns and air holes is compared with that of square lattice with the same parameters. The results show that for dielectric columnar photonic crystals, no matter the cross section is circular or square, Or hexagonal, its TE,TM and complete band gap width are narrower than the embedded structure. The embedded photonic crystal not only increases the band gap of the original square lattice, but also makes the square column and hexagonal photonic crystal without complete band gap produce complete band gap. For the air-porous photonic crystal, the cross section is circular, the TE,TM and the band gap width of the hexagonal embedded photonic crystal are larger than those of the square lattice. The complete band gap of embedded photonic crystal is compared with that of triangular lattice photonic crystal. It is concluded that in most cases, the complete band gap of embedded photonic crystal is wider than that of triangular lattice. It also makes circular and hexagonal photonic crystals without complete band gap in triangular lattice to produce complete band gap. Finally, the embedded photonic crystal is applied to the dual-frequency microstrip antenna, and the characteristics of the improved microstrip antenna are studied and analyzed. The results of simulation and measurement show that the gain of the new antenna is increased by about 2 dB, the echo loss is reduced by 30.6617 dB, the main lobe of the pattern is increased, and the 15dB is reduced at the maximum of the back lobe. The antenna has better impedance and radiation characteristics. The improvement of antenna performance is better than that of ordinary square lattice and triangular lattice photonic crystal applied to microstrip antenna. It is concluded that applying embedded photonic crystal to microstrip antenna can effectively suppress the surface wave of antenna, improve the gain of antenna and improve the pattern of antenna.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822
本文编号：2394845
[Abstract]:Photonic crystals, which are arranged periodically by two or more kinds of dielectric with different dielectric constants, were proposed by S.John and E.Yablonovitch in 1987, respectively. The most important characteristic of photonic crystals is the photonic band gap (Photonic Band-Gap,). Since photonic crystals in optical band are small in scale and difficult to be machined, microwave photonic crystals have been developed rapidly after being extended to microwave frequency band (300MHz~300GHz). Microwave photonic crystals are often used in the fields of photonic crystal mirror, broadband bandstop filter, laser oscillator, multipass filter, photonic crystal fiber, photonic crystal microstrip antenna and so on. The research of photonic crystal microstrip antenna is a new field in recent years. In this paper, the band gap characteristics of photonic crystals are studied and analyzed, and the microwave photonic crystals are modeled by Rsoft's BandSolve software. The two dimensional microwave photonic crystal structures with dielectric columns and air holes are studied respectively. The numerical analysis is mainly based on plane wave analysis. Based on the improvement of square lattice, a new structure which can increase the bandgap of square lattice is designed, which is called inline structure. The details of the structure are analyzed in detail in Chapter 3. Secondly, the bandgap of embedded photonic crystals with dielectric columns and air holes is compared with that of square lattice with the same parameters. The results show that for dielectric columnar photonic crystals, no matter the cross section is circular or square, Or hexagonal, its TE,TM and complete band gap width are narrower than the embedded structure. The embedded photonic crystal not only increases the band gap of the original square lattice, but also makes the square column and hexagonal photonic crystal without complete band gap produce complete band gap. For the air-porous photonic crystal, the cross section is circular, the TE,TM and the band gap width of the hexagonal embedded photonic crystal are larger than those of the square lattice. The complete band gap of embedded photonic crystal is compared with that of triangular lattice photonic crystal. It is concluded that in most cases, the complete band gap of embedded photonic crystal is wider than that of triangular lattice. It also makes circular and hexagonal photonic crystals without complete band gap in triangular lattice to produce complete band gap. Finally, the embedded photonic crystal is applied to the dual-frequency microstrip antenna, and the characteristics of the improved microstrip antenna are studied and analyzed. The results of simulation and measurement show that the gain of the new antenna is increased by about 2 dB, the echo loss is reduced by 30.6617 dB, the main lobe of the pattern is increased, and the 15dB is reduced at the maximum of the back lobe. The antenna has better impedance and radiation characteristics. The improvement of antenna performance is better than that of ordinary square lattice and triangular lattice photonic crystal applied to microstrip antenna. It is concluded that applying embedded photonic crystal to microstrip antenna can effectively suppress the surface wave of antenna, improve the gain of antenna and improve the pattern of antenna.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822
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