基于超材料的RFID天线的设计与研究
发布时间：2019-01-07 22:02
【摘要】：射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)技术是一种新兴的短距离无线通信技术，其利用射频通信实现非接触式的自动识别技术。此技术利用读写器上的天线和标签进行通信，也就是读写器通过射频信号给标签提供能量并激活标签，标签工作后将其储存的信息返还给读写器，读写器再将读取到的标签信息送给控制系统，控制系统根据具体应用场合进行一系列数据的处理、储存以及管理。正因为超高频（Ultrahigh Frequency, UHF,860MHz~960MHz）标签具有非接触、工作距离长、读取速度快、适于恶劣环境、可识别运动目标等优点，射频识别技术己被广泛应用于工业自动化、商业自动化、交通运输控制管理等众多领域。 标签与阅读器要实现数据的无接触通信，其主要利用读写器天线和标签天线之间的通信，因此在整个RFID系统中天线发挥着至关重要的作用。对于RFID系统来说，标签天线是最易变的部分，其受环境的影响较大，因此设计标签天线已经逐渐成为新的研究热点。目前现有的标签天线基本是偶极子结构及其变形结构，这种结构的标签天线只能满足通常应用场合的需求，但是在特殊场合(如宽频带、小型化、抗金属，高读取率等)的应用中，其阻抗匹配、增益、辐射效率、辐射方向图等特性都会受到环境的影响而改变，从而导致标签工作性能降低，甚至无法使用。为了针对解决在不同物体表面UHF RFID标签的性能能够不受环境的影响，从非金属环境到金属环境，，标签特性始终保持稳定，本文在前人的基础上，设计并研究了基于超材料的标签天线，为RFID标签天线在金属环境的应用做了一些探索性的研究。 超材料最近几年一直是物理学和材料学研究的热点之一，而微波光子晶体也作为一种新型的人工电磁材料具有独特的性能，目前已广泛的用于微波电路、天线的设计，且发挥了优越的性能。目前将微波光子晶体运用在标签天线的研究不是很多，而本文就是将微波光子晶体这一类型的超材料运用于标签天线以改善天线的指标和增加标签的抗金属特性。 在绪论中，论文概述了RFID技术的研究背景，简述了RFID系统的发展历程和组成，探讨了标签的研究现状及发展趋势。第二章全面系统的阐述了电磁场理论和标签天线的基本理论，并说明了标签天线阻抗、带宽、辐射方向图和功率传输系数等重要参数，介绍了标签的仿真设计方法、制作工艺和阻抗测量方法以及制作了标签测试转换装置。第三章简要叙述了超材料概念和特性，就微波光子晶体做了详细的分析并设计了反射相位0在915MHz的电磁带隙结构（EBG, Electromagnetic Band gap）单元。第四章首先研究了Alien Higgs-3这款芯片，其阻抗的共轭值作为后续设计标签天线阻抗值。然后研究与设计仿真了四个标签天线，分别是变形偶极子标签天线、加载开口谐振环的标签天线、分形标签天线和圆极化标签天线。变形偶极子标签天线结构比较简单，但是相对于加载开口谐振环的标签天线和分形标签天线来说其尺寸大，设计此标签主要是便于天线之间的对比。圆极化标签天线的设计主要是为了增加读取率和减少极化损失。文中设计的一款圆极化标签天线，其圆极化性能很好，且轴比带宽70MHz，相对于以往的圆极化天线，此标签天线带宽比较宽。本文中制作了三款标签天线的实物，并在两种环境下，对标签天线进行了阻抗测试。最后，将上述设计的EBG结构运用于上述设计的标签天线中，并仿真调试，最终在HFSS软件中模拟实际金属环境，发现基于EBG的标签天线基本不受影响，同时也发现基于EBG周期结构的标签天线的增益比没有加载EBG的标签天线增加了将近3dB，验证了EBG周期结构的同向反射特性，也证实了超材料在标签天线抗金属和远距离的作用。
[Abstract]:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is an emerging short-range wireless communication technology, which uses RF communication to realize non-contact automatic identification technology. The technology utilizes the antenna and the label on the reader-writer to carry out communication, namely, the reader-writer provides energy to the label through the radio-frequency signal and activates the label, the information stored in the reader-writer is returned to the reader-writer after the label is operated, the reader-writer then sends the read label information to the control system, the control system is used for processing, storing and managing a series of data according to the specific application occasions. Because the ultra-high frequency (UHF, 860MHz-1 MHz) tag has the advantages of non-contact, long working distance, fast reading speed, suitable for harsh environment, and can identify the moving target and the like, the radio frequency identification technology has been widely applied to industrial automation, business automation, Transportation control management, etc. The tag and reader are not in contact with the reader, which mainly utilizes the communication between the reader-writer antenna and the tag antenna, so that the antenna plays an important role in the whole RFID system. in that case of the RFID system, the tag antenna is the most volatile part, which is influenced by the environment, so that the design of the tag antenna has gradually become a new research heat the conventional tag antenna is basically a dipole structure and a deformation structure thereof, and the tag antenna of the structure can only meet the requirements of a common application occasion, but in the application of special occasions (such as wide band, miniaturization, anti-metal, high reading rate and the like), the impedance matching and the increasing of the tag antenna the characteristics of the benefits, the radiation efficiency, the radiation pattern, and the like can be changed by the influence of the environment, so that the working performance of the label is reduced, In order to solve the problem that the performance of the UHF RFID tag on the surface of different objects can not be affected by the environment, from the non-metallic environment to the metal environment, the characteristics of the labels are always stable, The paper has made some exploratory research on the application of RFID tag antenna in the metal environment In recent years, the super-material has been one of the hot spots in the study of physics and materials, and the microwave photonic crystal has a unique performance as a new type of artificial electromagnetic material. It has been widely used in the design of microwave circuit and antenna, and has played an excellent role. The application of the microwave photonic crystal in the label antenna is not a lot, and the paper is to apply the supermaterial of this type of microwave photonic crystal to the tag antenna to improve the antenna's index and to increase the anti-gold of the tag. In the introduction, the paper summarizes the research background of RFID technology, introduces the development course and composition of the RFID system, and probes into the research status of the label. In the second chapter, the basic theory of the electromagnetic field theory and the label antenna is described in the second chapter, and the important parameters such as the impedance, the bandwidth, the radiation pattern and the power transmission coefficient of the tag antenna are described. The simulation of the label is introduced. true design method, fabrication process and impedance measurement method, and label measurement In the third chapter, the concept and characteristics of the metamaterial are briefly described. The microwave photonic crystal is analyzed in detail and the electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG, Electro-magnetic Band g) with a reflection phase of 0 at 915MHz is designed. ap) The fourth chapter first studies the Aden Higgs-3 chip with the impedance of the chip as a follow-up design label the antenna impedance value is then studied and designed, and the four tag antennas are researched and designed, namely a deformation dipole label antenna, a label antenna for loading an opening resonant ring, a fractal label antenna and a circular pole, the structure of the deformed dipole label antenna is relatively simple, but the size of the tag antenna and the fractal label antenna with respect to the resonant ring of the loading opening is large, the design of the tag is mainly convenient for the antenna, The design of the circular polarized label antenna is mainly to increase the reading rate and the deceleration. Low polarization loss. A circular polarized label antenna is designed in this paper, its circular polarization performance is good, and the axial ratio is 70MHz. Compared with the prior circular polarized antenna, this label antenna The bandwidth is wide. In this paper, the real object of the three-section tag antenna is made, and the tag antenna is carried out in two environments. and finally, applying the designed EBG structure in the designed tag antenna and simulating the debugging, finally simulating the actual metal environment in the HFSS software, and finding the tag antenna base based on the EBG This is not affected, and at the same time, it is also found that the gain of the tag antenna based on the EBG cycle structure is increased by nearly 3dB than that of the tag antenna without the EBG, and the same directional reflection characteristic of the EBG periodic structure is verified, and the anti-metal and far-distance of the metamaterial in the tag antenna are also confirmed.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822;TP391.44
本文编号：2404222
[Abstract]:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is an emerging short-range wireless communication technology, which uses RF communication to realize non-contact automatic identification technology. The technology utilizes the antenna and the label on the reader-writer to carry out communication, namely, the reader-writer provides energy to the label through the radio-frequency signal and activates the label, the information stored in the reader-writer is returned to the reader-writer after the label is operated, the reader-writer then sends the read label information to the control system, the control system is used for processing, storing and managing a series of data according to the specific application occasions. Because the ultra-high frequency (UHF, 860MHz-1 MHz) tag has the advantages of non-contact, long working distance, fast reading speed, suitable for harsh environment, and can identify the moving target and the like, the radio frequency identification technology has been widely applied to industrial automation, business automation, Transportation control management, etc. The tag and reader are not in contact with the reader, which mainly utilizes the communication between the reader-writer antenna and the tag antenna, so that the antenna plays an important role in the whole RFID system. in that case of the RFID system, the tag antenna is the most volatile part, which is influenced by the environment, so that the design of the tag antenna has gradually become a new research heat the conventional tag antenna is basically a dipole structure and a deformation structure thereof, and the tag antenna of the structure can only meet the requirements of a common application occasion, but in the application of special occasions (such as wide band, miniaturization, anti-metal, high reading rate and the like), the impedance matching and the increasing of the tag antenna the characteristics of the benefits, the radiation efficiency, the radiation pattern, and the like can be changed by the influence of the environment, so that the working performance of the label is reduced, In order to solve the problem that the performance of the UHF RFID tag on the surface of different objects can not be affected by the environment, from the non-metallic environment to the metal environment, the characteristics of the labels are always stable, The paper has made some exploratory research on the application of RFID tag antenna in the metal environment In recent years, the super-material has been one of the hot spots in the study of physics and materials, and the microwave photonic crystal has a unique performance as a new type of artificial electromagnetic material. It has been widely used in the design of microwave circuit and antenna, and has played an excellent role. The application of the microwave photonic crystal in the label antenna is not a lot, and the paper is to apply the supermaterial of this type of microwave photonic crystal to the tag antenna to improve the antenna's index and to increase the anti-gold of the tag. In the introduction, the paper summarizes the research background of RFID technology, introduces the development course and composition of the RFID system, and probes into the research status of the label. In the second chapter, the basic theory of the electromagnetic field theory and the label antenna is described in the second chapter, and the important parameters such as the impedance, the bandwidth, the radiation pattern and the power transmission coefficient of the tag antenna are described. The simulation of the label is introduced. true design method, fabrication process and impedance measurement method, and label measurement In the third chapter, the concept and characteristics of the metamaterial are briefly described. The microwave photonic crystal is analyzed in detail and the electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG, Electro-magnetic Band g) with a reflection phase of 0 at 915MHz is designed. ap) The fourth chapter first studies the Aden Higgs-3 chip with the impedance of the chip as a follow-up design label the antenna impedance value is then studied and designed, and the four tag antennas are researched and designed, namely a deformation dipole label antenna, a label antenna for loading an opening resonant ring, a fractal label antenna and a circular pole, the structure of the deformed dipole label antenna is relatively simple, but the size of the tag antenna and the fractal label antenna with respect to the resonant ring of the loading opening is large, the design of the tag is mainly convenient for the antenna, The design of the circular polarized label antenna is mainly to increase the reading rate and the deceleration. Low polarization loss. A circular polarized label antenna is designed in this paper, its circular polarization performance is good, and the axial ratio is 70MHz. Compared with the prior circular polarized antenna, this label antenna The bandwidth is wide. In this paper, the real object of the three-section tag antenna is made, and the tag antenna is carried out in two environments. and finally, applying the designed EBG structure in the designed tag antenna and simulating the debugging, finally simulating the actual metal environment in the HFSS software, and finding the tag antenna base based on the EBG This is not affected, and at the same time, it is also found that the gain of the tag antenna based on the EBG cycle structure is increased by nearly 3dB than that of the tag antenna without the EBG, and the same directional reflection characteristic of the EBG periodic structure is verified, and the anti-metal and far-distance of the metamaterial in the tag antenna are also confirmed.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822;TP391.44
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本文编号：2404222
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