GMI磁纳技术研究

发布时间：2019-02-13 20:47

【摘要】：弱磁检测传感器在军事目标监测、地球资源勘探和地磁辅助导航等技术领域中具有广阔的发展空间和应用前景。但是,我国目前尚无大量程、高分辨力、微小型化磁传感器,仍然需要从国外进口高分辨力(0.01nT)磁检测传感器。因此,研发高性能微小型弱磁检测传感器和微弱磁异信号检测系统,仍然是我国在检测领域上富有挑战性的研究课题之一。微弱磁异信号检测系统是由弱磁检测传感器和磁异信号采集与控制电路构成的。由此,本文深入研究了高性能弱磁检测传感器、磁异信号采集与控制系统和磁异信号检测算法的实现技术。在研发高性能微小型弱磁传感器方面,优用最有发展前景的非晶态合金丝作为弱磁传感器的磁敏组件。然后,对非晶丝GMI效应进行理论分析和实验验证,从而确定了非晶丝磁敏组件的关键参数。最后,利用非晶丝磁敏组件来设计和制作一种具有磁异探测和测距功能的微小型三轴磁传感器——磁纳(MANAR)。在磁异信号采集与控制系统方面,以单片机SIM3U167为核心,进行了相关的硬件和软件设计。在磁异信号检测技术方面,本文在磁异信号经典正交基函数(OBF)检测算法的基础之上,提出了一种改进的OBF检测算法,即将自适应噪声抵消器和自适应AR白化滤波器结合在一起,以实现对磁异信号的预处理。由于固定AR白化滤波器对分形噪声1/f?的白化效果不佳,影响了OBF检测算法的性能,因此采用自适应噪声抵消器对被检测信号进行预处理,再利用自适应AR白化滤波器对预处理信号进行白化滤波,以实现OBF检测算法的最优化。理论仿真结果表明:当?值接近于0时,改进的OBF检测算法的处理增益略高于未经白化的OBF检测算法;当?值接近于2时,改进的OBF检测算法的处理增益略高于基于AR白化滤波器的OBF检测算法;当?值约等于0.8时,改进的OBF检测算法的处理增益高于其他两种算法7dB。实验结果表明改进的OBF检测算法可以检测更微弱的磁异信号。
[Abstract]:The weak magnetic detection sensor has broad development space and application prospect in the fields of military target monitoring, earth resource exploration and geomagnetic aided navigation. However, there is no large number of range, high resolution, micro and miniaturized magnetic sensors in China, so it is still necessary to import high resolution (0.01nT) magnetic detection sensors from abroad. Therefore, the research and development of high performance micro magnetic weak magnetic detection sensor and weak magnetic signal detection system is still one of the challenging research topics in the field of detection in China. Weak magnetic signal detection system is composed of weak magnetic detection sensor and magnetic signal acquisition and control circuit. Therefore, the realization technology of high performance weak magnetic detection sensor, magnetic signal acquisition and control system and magnetic signal detection algorithm is studied in this paper. In the research and development of high performance micro magnetic weak magnetic sensors, the most promising amorphous alloy wire is used as the magnetic sensing module of the weak magnetic sensors. Then, the GMI effect of amorphous wire is theoretically analyzed and verified by experiments, and the key parameters of the magnetic sensing module of amorphous wire are determined. Finally, a micro triaxial magnetic sensor with magnetic difference detection and ranging function is designed and fabricated by using amorphous wire magnetic sensing module, which is called magnetic nanosensor (MANAR). In the aspect of magnetic signal acquisition and control system, the related hardware and software are designed with SIM3U167 as the core. In the aspect of magnetic signal detection, based on the classical orthogonal basis function (OBF) detection algorithm of magnetic signal, an improved OBF detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. The adaptive noise canceller and the adaptive AR whitening filter are combined to realize the preprocessing of the magnetic signal. Because of the fixed AR whitening filter for fractal noise 1 / f? Therefore, adaptive noise canceller is used to preprocess the detected signal, and then the adaptive AR whitening filter is used to whiten the pre-processed signal. In order to realize the optimization of OBF detection algorithm. The theoretical simulation results show that: when? When the value is close to zero, the processing gain of the improved OBF detection algorithm is slightly higher than that of the unwhitened OBF detection algorithm. When the value is close to 2, the processing gain of the improved OBF detection algorithm is slightly higher than that of the OBF detection algorithm based on AR whitening filter. When the value is about 0. 8, the processing gain of the improved OBF detection algorithm is higher than that of the other two algorithms. Experimental results show that the improved OBF detection algorithm can detect weaker magnetic signals.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212;TN911.23

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