基于双能源的高效节能WSN节点设计
发布时间：2019-02-16 07:50
【摘要】：无线传感器网络(WSN)的兴起扩展了人与现实世界交互的能力,在军事、防爆、救灾、环境、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。无线传感器网络的应用环境经常是一些人类无法频繁出入的恶劣环境,更换能量有限电池的可能性极小,一旦节点电池电量耗尽将导致其失效而退出网络,从而影响网络监测质量甚至导致网络瘫痪,因此延长节点使用寿命的问题亟待解决,尤其是保证重要数据可靠传输。本文通过分析目前能量管理策略的原理,将能量管理策略分为两种类型,即开源和节流。本文从开源方面出发提出了两种解决方案,即双能源组合的节点自供电系统和WSN节点多电池调度算法。首先在深入分析目前能量转换装置和充电电池发展的基础上,设计了一种以太阳能-风能组合的采集模块、超级电容-锂电池互补的储能模块为特色的节点供电系统。考虑到电池具有速率容量效应和恢复效应,本文提出一种基于电池剩余能量选择供电电池的调度算法。为了减少SOC电路统计电池能耗带来的系统复杂性和延迟性,本文提出一种基于ZigBee协议的节点能耗模型以计算电池的剩余能量。该模型采用节点工作电流、工作电压、数据发送与数据接收时长等参数。无线传感器网络的目的是为用户提供可靠的数据服务,为了保证紧要数据的优先传输同时均衡网络中各个节点能耗,在IEEE802.15.4协议的基础上提出一种基于优先级的MAC协议。该协议通过改进数据帧格式实现了数据优先级的携带,同时从改善节点电池工作方式和中继节点的缓存队列两方面出发,提出一种基于强度因子和负载率的节点动态优先级的方法。基于JN5148射频收发器搭建实验平台。通过该实验平台对基于ZigBee协议的节点能耗模型进行测试,测试网络采用星型拓扑结构。实验结果表明：理论计算能耗和实验测试能耗仅有1%的误差,即节点能耗模型能够准确计算无线传感器网络节点传输能耗代价和剩余工作寿命。采用MATLAB7.0对基于能量均衡的调度算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明：与顺序调度相比,电池的释放能量提高了将近75%；在没有计算SOC电路的能耗前提下,与能量最大法相比也提高了将近2%,置信水平为85%。利用Matlab7.0对改进的MAC协议进行仿真,仿真结果表明：与IEEE 802.15.4MAC协议相比,网络吞吐量提高了4.6%,网络数据丢包率和网络数据包平均延迟分别降低了24%和38%,而且紧要数据的优先传输得到明显的改善。
[Abstract]:The rise of wireless sensor network (WSN) expands the ability of human interaction with the real world, and has a wide application prospect in military, explosion-proof, disaster relief, environment, medical and other fields. The application environment of wireless sensor network is often a bad environment that cannot be accessed frequently by human beings. The possibility of replacing battery with limited energy is very small. Once the battery energy of nodes runs out, it will cause its failure and exit the network. Therefore, the problem of prolonging the service life of nodes is urgent to be solved, especially to ensure the reliable transmission of important data. By analyzing the principle of the current energy management strategy, this paper divides the energy management strategy into two types: open source and throttling. In this paper, two solutions are proposed from the point of view of open source, that is, the dual energy combination node self-supply system and the WSN node multi-cell scheduling algorithm. Firstly, based on the analysis of the current energy conversion devices and the development of rechargeable batteries, a kind of node power supply system is designed, which is based on the combination of solar and wind energy acquisition module and super capacitor-lithium battery complementary energy storage module. Considering the rate capacity effect and recovery effect of the battery, a scheduling algorithm based on battery residual energy selection is proposed. In order to reduce the system complexity and delay caused by SOC circuit statistics of battery energy consumption, a node energy consumption model based on ZigBee protocol is proposed in this paper to calculate the residual energy of the battery. The model uses parameters such as node working current, working voltage, time of data transmission and data receiving. The purpose of wireless sensor networks is to provide reliable data services for users. In order to ensure the priority transmission of critical data and equalize the energy consumption of each node in the network, a priority based MAC protocol is proposed on the basis of IEEE802.15.4 protocol. By improving the data frame format, the protocol realizes the carrying of the data priority. At the same time, it improves the battery working mode of the node and the buffer queue of the relay node. A method of dynamic priority of nodes based on strength factor and load rate is proposed. The experimental platform is built based on JN5148 RF transceiver. The model of node energy consumption based on ZigBee protocol is tested on the platform, and the network is based on star topology. The experimental results show that the theoretical energy consumption and the experimental energy consumption are only 1% error, that is, the node energy consumption model can accurately calculate the transmission energy cost and the remaining working life of wireless sensor network nodes. MATLAB7.0 is used to simulate the scheduling algorithm based on energy equalization. The simulation results show that compared with sequential scheduling, the energy released by the battery increases nearly 75%. Without calculating the energy consumption of the SOC circuit, the energy consumption is increased by nearly 2% compared with the maximum energy method, and the confidence level is 85%. Matlab7.0 is used to simulate the improved MAC protocol. The simulation results show that compared with the IEEE 802.15.4MAC protocol, the network throughput is increased by 4.6%, the network data packet loss rate and the average network packet latency are reduced by 24% and 38%, respectively. Moreover, priority transmission of critical data has been significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
本文编号：2424220
[Abstract]:The rise of wireless sensor network (WSN) expands the ability of human interaction with the real world, and has a wide application prospect in military, explosion-proof, disaster relief, environment, medical and other fields. The application environment of wireless sensor network is often a bad environment that cannot be accessed frequently by human beings. The possibility of replacing battery with limited energy is very small. Once the battery energy of nodes runs out, it will cause its failure and exit the network. Therefore, the problem of prolonging the service life of nodes is urgent to be solved, especially to ensure the reliable transmission of important data. By analyzing the principle of the current energy management strategy, this paper divides the energy management strategy into two types: open source and throttling. In this paper, two solutions are proposed from the point of view of open source, that is, the dual energy combination node self-supply system and the WSN node multi-cell scheduling algorithm. Firstly, based on the analysis of the current energy conversion devices and the development of rechargeable batteries, a kind of node power supply system is designed, which is based on the combination of solar and wind energy acquisition module and super capacitor-lithium battery complementary energy storage module. Considering the rate capacity effect and recovery effect of the battery, a scheduling algorithm based on battery residual energy selection is proposed. In order to reduce the system complexity and delay caused by SOC circuit statistics of battery energy consumption, a node energy consumption model based on ZigBee protocol is proposed in this paper to calculate the residual energy of the battery. The model uses parameters such as node working current, working voltage, time of data transmission and data receiving. The purpose of wireless sensor networks is to provide reliable data services for users. In order to ensure the priority transmission of critical data and equalize the energy consumption of each node in the network, a priority based MAC protocol is proposed on the basis of IEEE802.15.4 protocol. By improving the data frame format, the protocol realizes the carrying of the data priority. At the same time, it improves the battery working mode of the node and the buffer queue of the relay node. A method of dynamic priority of nodes based on strength factor and load rate is proposed. The experimental platform is built based on JN5148 RF transceiver. The model of node energy consumption based on ZigBee protocol is tested on the platform, and the network is based on star topology. The experimental results show that the theoretical energy consumption and the experimental energy consumption are only 1% error, that is, the node energy consumption model can accurately calculate the transmission energy cost and the remaining working life of wireless sensor network nodes. MATLAB7.0 is used to simulate the scheduling algorithm based on energy equalization. The simulation results show that compared with sequential scheduling, the energy released by the battery increases nearly 75%. Without calculating the energy consumption of the SOC circuit, the energy consumption is increased by nearly 2% compared with the maximum energy method, and the confidence level is 85%. Matlab7.0 is used to simulate the improved MAC protocol. The simulation results show that compared with the IEEE 802.15.4MAC protocol, the network throughput is increased by 4.6%, the network data packet loss rate and the average network packet latency are reduced by 24% and 38%, respectively. Moreover, priority transmission of critical data has been significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
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，本文编号：2424220
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