量子密钥分发系统中数据协调算法及软件设计

发布时间：2019-04-24 17:45

【摘要】：由香农的信息论可知,G.Vernam的一次一密方案可以保证通信的绝对安全,在该方案中密钥只使用一次即被丢弃,因此需要足够的密钥用于数据的加密或解密。而量子密钥分发(Quantum Key Distribution, QKD)系统可以实现大量密钥的安全有效的分发,进而在一次一密的基础上保障了数据传输的安全性和私密性。本文主要对与量子密钥分发有密切关系的数据协调和系统软件进行了相关的研究,以有助于量子密钥分发进一步的实用化,进而使得数据传输的安全性有进一步的保证。首先,本文介绍了二分法、级联纠错和汉明编码这三种经典的数据协调算法的基本步骤,并对二分法进行了性能仿真,以验证二分法对不同误码率分组的协调效率：当误码率较低时,协调效率较高；当误码率较高时,则由于密钥的递归分组并比较,使得通信量和数据的舍弃增加,进而协调效率下降。其次,在经典数据协调算法的基础上,本文介绍了效率更高和纠错性能更好的基于低密度检验(Low-density Parity-Check, LDPC)码的数据协调算法。对于基于LDPC码的数据协调算法,重点研究了利用其进行数据协调的基本步骤和该算法中的R-U编码。然后,在实现了基于LDPC码的数据协调软件模块的基础上对其进行了仿真,从仿真结果可看出该算法是可行的,可有效地纠正密钥中的错误位,并且优于二分法数据协调算法,进而为以后的数据安全传输提供了保证。第三,本文对量子密钥分发系统软件部分进行新的模块化设计。量子密钥分发系统主要由管理模块、应用模块和QKD模块三个模块组成,其中管理模块主要对密钥池、QKD模块和应用模块进行相关的调度,并作为整个系统的接口与量子网络服务器进行信息的交互。本文设计了各模块的工作流程以及相互间信息传递的机制,根据相互间信息的传递情况对各自的流程进行了设计,并根据相互间传递信息的多少以及消息的传输方向给出了该系统各进程间通信的相关描述。最后,对全文进行总结,在此基础上,结合量子密钥分发系统的发展方向,对下一步的工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:According to Shannon's information theory, G.Vernam 's one-to-one secret scheme can guarantee the absolute security of communication. In this scheme, the key is discarded only once, so we need enough key to encrypt or decrypt the data. The quantum key distribution (Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) system can realize the secure and efficient distribution of a large number of keys, and then guarantee the security and privacy of the data transmission on the basis of one secret at a time. In this paper, data coordination and system software, which are closely related to quantum key distribution, are studied in order to contribute to the further practicality of quantum key distribution and further guarantee the security of data transmission. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic steps of three classical data coordination algorithms: dichotomy, concatenated error correction and hamming coding, and simulates the performance of dichotomy. In order to verify the coordination efficiency of dichotomy for different BER packets: when the bit error rate is low, the coordination efficiency is higher; When the bit error rate is high, because of the recursive grouping and comparison of the keys, the traffic and data abandonment will be increased, and the coordination efficiency will then decrease. Secondly, on the basis of the classical data coordination algorithm, this paper introduces a data coordination algorithm based on low density test (Low-density Parity-Check, LDPC) codes, which is more efficient and has better error correction performance. For the data coordination algorithm based on LDPC codes, the basic steps of data coordination based on LDPC codes and the RXU coding in this algorithm are studied in detail. Then, based on the realization of LDPC code-based data coordination software module, the simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible, can effectively correct the error bits in the key, and is superior to the dichotomy data coordination algorithm. Furthermore, it provides a guarantee for the secure transmission of data in the future. Thirdly, this paper makes a new modular design for the software part of quantum key distribution system. Quantum key distribution system mainly consists of three modules: management module, application module and QKD module. The management module mainly dispatches the key pool, QKD module and application module. And acts as the interface of the whole system and carries on the information interaction with the quantum network server. In this paper, the workflow of each module and the mechanism of information transmission between each other are designed, and their respective processes are designed according to the transmission of information between each other. According to the number of information transmitted between each other and the transmission direction of the message, the related description of the communication among the processes of the system is given. Finally, the whole paper is summarized, and the future work is prospected according to the development direction of quantum key distribution system.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：O413;TN918.4

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