无线传感器网络在森林火险监测中的生命期研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 01:19

【摘要】：森林火灾严重威胁着森林的健康,森林火险监测是保卫森林不受火灾侵害的重要方法。论文分析了森林火险监测的现状和目前使用的主要技术,这些技术中基于无线传感器网络(WSN)的监测技术很新颖；同时分析了WSN及其特点。WSN的特点使得它非常适用于森林火险监测领域,于是提出了基于WSN的火险监测系统。单独的WSN不足以顺利完成监测任务,它缺少空间数据分析处理能力,故引入GIS系统以弥补其不足,增强监测系统的正确性和高效性。WSN节点由电池提供能量,邻近基站的节点需要为其他节点转发数据,其能量消耗较大,这导致了WSN中节点能耗不均的问题。针对该问题本文提出了平衡能耗的多移动基站算法,该算法针对森林的特殊情况,通过划分平衡子回路和控制基站周期性逗留的策略,解决了基站附近节点能耗不均的问题。论文对算法的近似度、有效性、时间和空间复杂度进行了理论分析,结果证明了算法的正确性和可行性；最后进行了仿真实验,结果显示该算法相比SDMA和DAWN算法有更好的效果。基于多移动基站的无线传感器网络在森林火险监测中使用寿命相对较长,能保证系统长时间持续地监测森林,从而保卫森林的健康。
[Abstract]:Forest fire is a serious threat to forest health. Forest fire risk monitoring is an important method to protect forest from fire. This paper analyzes the status quo of forest fire risk monitoring and the main technologies used at present. Among these technologies, the monitoring technology based on wireless sensor network (WSN) is very novel. At the same time, WSN and its characteristics are analyzed. The characteristics of WSN make it very suitable for forest fire risk monitoring field. Therefore, a fire risk monitoring system based on WSN is put forward. The single WSN is not enough to successfully complete the monitoring task, and it lacks the ability of spatial data analysis and processing. Therefore, the GIS system is introduced to make up for its deficiency and enhance the correctness and efficiency of the monitoring system. The node adjacent to the base station needs to forward the data for other nodes, and its energy consumption is large, which leads to the uneven energy consumption of the nodes in the WSN. In order to solve this problem, a multi-mobile base station algorithm for balancing energy consumption is proposed in this paper. In view of the special situation of forest, this algorithm solves the problem of uneven energy consumption of nodes near the base station by dividing the balance sub-loop and controlling the periodic stay of the base station. In this paper, the approximation, efficiency, time and space complexity of the algorithm are analyzed theoretically, and the results show that the algorithm is correct and feasible. Finally, the simulation results show that the algorithm is better than the SDMA and DAWN algorithms. The wireless sensor network based on multi-mobile base station has a relatively long service life in forest fire risk monitoring, which can ensure the system to monitor forest for a long time and protect forest health.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S762;TP212.9;TN929.5

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