基于UWB信号的高分辨时延估计与定位技术研究
发布时间：2019-05-29 22:31
【摘要】：超宽带（Ultra Wideband,UWB）无线通信技术具有传输速率高、发射功率低、多径分辨率高、抗干扰能力强等优点，近年来受到越来越多的关注，尤其是UWB高精度定位技术，弥补了传统定位技术受非视距传播和多径影响定位精度低的缺陷,在短距离室内定位中具有广阔的应用前景。 本文对UWB无线定位技术和UWB信号时延估计方法进行了比较深入的研究。在UWB定位系统中，根据所检测参数的不同可以将基本的定位方法分成以下四种：基于信号到达时间的定位方法、基于信号到达角度的定位方法、基于信号接收强度的定位方法以及混合定位方法。 在UWB无线定位技术中，由于采用纳秒级的UWB脉冲作为发射信号，所以时间分辨率很高，基于信号到达时间的定位方式(Time of Arrival,TOA)可以充分利用这一优势提高测距定位精度，最适合应用于UWB定位系统。在基于信号到达时间的定位方式中，时延估计是目标定位中的重要技术,时延估计的精度直接影响定位性能，有效的高分辨传输时延估计是采用TOA技术进行精确定位的关键。为克服多径和非视距环境对定位精度的影响，必须采用高分辨率时延估计算法。本文在分析UWB多径信道模型和信号模型的基础上，将基于子空间的参数估计算法引入UWB定位系统中,实现高分辨时延估计。 本文主要结构和内容如下： 在分析了全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS）、蓝牙、Wi-Fi无线定位系统以及其他室内无线定位系统的基础上，概括出UWB无线定位系统抗干扰能力强、多径分辨率高、发射功率低等优势，结合国内外对UWB定位的研究现状，明确本文研究目的和意义。 在概述UWB通信基本知识的基础上，研究分析了UWB的各种定位方法，从理论上证明了基于信号到达时间的定位方式可以充分利用UWB时间分辨率高的优势，提高定位精度。为之后研究基于超宽带系统的高分辨时延估计方法作理论准备。 由于信号在传播过程中可能会受到多径、反射、衍射、非视距等因素的影响，使得传统的时延估计方法精度较低，，不能实现精确定位。为实现密集多径环境下UWB信号高分辨时延估计，针对UWB信号时延估计方法展开深入研究，在研究传统相关法、双谱法的基础上，分析其缺陷，将基于子空间的参数估计算法引入到UWB时延估计当中，分别研究了MUSIC算法、LS-ESPRIT算法、TLS-ESPRIT算法的高分辨时延估计性能，并在多径环境下进行仿真实验，验证了基于子空间算法的有效性。最后，将TLS-ESPRIT算法应用到UWB单基站定位系统中，结合角度测量，获得了较好的定位精度。
[Abstract]:Ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology has many advantages, such as high transmission rate, low transmission power, high multi-path resolution, strong anti-interference ability and so on. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology, especially UWB high-precision positioning technology. It makes up for the defect that the traditional positioning technology is affected by non-line-of-sight propagation and multi-path, and has a broad application prospect in short-distance indoor positioning. In this paper, UWB wireless location technology and UWB signal delay estimation method are deeply studied. In UWB positioning system, according to the different parameters detected, the basic positioning methods can be divided into the following four methods: the positioning method based on the time of arrival of the signal, the positioning method based on the angle of arrival of the signal, The positioning method based on signal receiving strength and the hybrid positioning method. In UWB wireless positioning technology, because the nanosecond UWB pulse is used as the transmitted signal, the time resolution is very high. The positioning mode (Time of Arrival,TOA based on the time of arrival of the signal can make full use of this advantage to improve the accuracy of ranging and positioning. It is most suitable for UWB positioning system. In the location mode based on signal arrival time, time delay estimation is an important technology in target location. The accuracy of time delay estimation directly affects the positioning performance. Effective high resolution transmission delay estimation is the key to accurate location using TOA technology. In order to overcome the influence of multi-path and non-line-of-sight environment on positioning accuracy, high-resolution time delay estimation algorithm must be adopted. In this paper, based on the analysis of UWB multi-path channel model and signal model, the subspace-based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB positioning system to realize high-resolution time delay estimation. The main structure and contents of this paper are as follows: based on the analysis of global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi wireless positioning system and other indoor wireless positioning systems, The advantages of UWB wireless positioning system, such as strong anti-interference ability, high multi-path resolution and low transmission power, are summarized. Combined with the research status of UWB positioning at home and abroad, the purpose and significance of this paper are clarified. On the basis of summarizing the basic knowledge of UWB communication, various positioning methods of UWB are studied and analyzed. It is proved theoretically that the positioning method based on signal arrival time can make full use of the advantages of high time resolution of UWB and improve the positioning accuracy. This paper makes a theoretical preparation for the research of high resolution time delay estimation method based on ultra-broadband system. Because the signal may be affected by multi-path, reflection, diffraction, non-line-of-sight and other factors in the process of propagation, the traditional time delay estimation method has low accuracy and can not achieve accurate positioning. In order to realize high resolution time delay estimation of UWB signal in dense multi-path environment, the time delay estimation method of UWB signal is deeply studied, and its defects are analyzed on the basis of traditional correlation method and bispectral method. The subspace based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB time delay estimation. The high resolution time delay estimation performance of MUSIC algorithm, LS-ESPRIT algorithm and TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is studied respectively, and simulation experiments are carried out in multi-path environment. The effectiveness of subspace based algorithm is verified. Finally, the TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is applied to the UWB single base station positioning system, and the better positioning accuracy is obtained by combining the angle measurement.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925
本文编号：2488275
[Abstract]:Ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology has many advantages, such as high transmission rate, low transmission power, high multi-path resolution, strong anti-interference ability and so on. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to ultra-broadband (Ultra Wideband,UWB) wireless communication technology, especially UWB high-precision positioning technology. It makes up for the defect that the traditional positioning technology is affected by non-line-of-sight propagation and multi-path, and has a broad application prospect in short-distance indoor positioning. In this paper, UWB wireless location technology and UWB signal delay estimation method are deeply studied. In UWB positioning system, according to the different parameters detected, the basic positioning methods can be divided into the following four methods: the positioning method based on the time of arrival of the signal, the positioning method based on the angle of arrival of the signal, The positioning method based on signal receiving strength and the hybrid positioning method. In UWB wireless positioning technology, because the nanosecond UWB pulse is used as the transmitted signal, the time resolution is very high. The positioning mode (Time of Arrival,TOA based on the time of arrival of the signal can make full use of this advantage to improve the accuracy of ranging and positioning. It is most suitable for UWB positioning system. In the location mode based on signal arrival time, time delay estimation is an important technology in target location. The accuracy of time delay estimation directly affects the positioning performance. Effective high resolution transmission delay estimation is the key to accurate location using TOA technology. In order to overcome the influence of multi-path and non-line-of-sight environment on positioning accuracy, high-resolution time delay estimation algorithm must be adopted. In this paper, based on the analysis of UWB multi-path channel model and signal model, the subspace-based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB positioning system to realize high-resolution time delay estimation. The main structure and contents of this paper are as follows: based on the analysis of global navigation satellite system (Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi wireless positioning system and other indoor wireless positioning systems, The advantages of UWB wireless positioning system, such as strong anti-interference ability, high multi-path resolution and low transmission power, are summarized. Combined with the research status of UWB positioning at home and abroad, the purpose and significance of this paper are clarified. On the basis of summarizing the basic knowledge of UWB communication, various positioning methods of UWB are studied and analyzed. It is proved theoretically that the positioning method based on signal arrival time can make full use of the advantages of high time resolution of UWB and improve the positioning accuracy. This paper makes a theoretical preparation for the research of high resolution time delay estimation method based on ultra-broadband system. Because the signal may be affected by multi-path, reflection, diffraction, non-line-of-sight and other factors in the process of propagation, the traditional time delay estimation method has low accuracy and can not achieve accurate positioning. In order to realize high resolution time delay estimation of UWB signal in dense multi-path environment, the time delay estimation method of UWB signal is deeply studied, and its defects are analyzed on the basis of traditional correlation method and bispectral method. The subspace based parameter estimation algorithm is introduced into UWB time delay estimation. The high resolution time delay estimation performance of MUSIC algorithm, LS-ESPRIT algorithm and TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is studied respectively, and simulation experiments are carried out in multi-path environment. The effectiveness of subspace based algorithm is verified. Finally, the TLS-ESPRIT algorithm is applied to the UWB single base station positioning system, and the better positioning accuracy is obtained by combining the angle measurement.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN925
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 蒙静;基于IR-UWB无线室内定位的机理研究[D];哈尔滨工业大学;2010年
2 王秀贞;超宽带无线通信及其定位技术研究[D];华东师范大学;2010年
本文编号：2488275
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