星载合成孔径雷达干扰与抗干扰技术研究
发布时间：2019-05-30 04:24
【摘要】：星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)不受领土领空限制,可以全天候、全天时地对地面广大区域进行高分辨成像,已经成为情报获取的重要手段和电子战的重点作战对象。因此,围绕星载SAR的有源干扰与抗干扰技术也成为雷达电子战领域研究的热点之一。本文以此为着眼点,以理论分析和仿真试验相结合为手段,深入研究了星载SAR的工作参数估计、欺骗干扰信号生成、星载SAR抗干扰技术。论文的主要工作包括以下三个部分:本文第一部分研究了SAR工作参数的侦察与估计方法,具体研究内容包括:(1)分析了星载SAR旁瓣侦察雷达方程。根据这个雷达方程,建立了SAR天线方向图参数估计优化模型。利用先验信息,推导了SAR天线尺寸和俯仰向指向角可能存在的区间,结合粒子群优化算法实现对优化模型的求解;(2)针对现有线性调频信号(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)参数估计方法计算量较大且低信噪比估计性能较差等不足,提出了一种结合相关解线调和分数阶傅里叶变换的LFM参数估计方法,该方法避免了参数搜索的过程,利用奇异值分解来抑制了噪声的影响;(3)分析了传统循环互相关法估计脉冲时延精度受限的原因,提出了Radon-循环互相关脉冲时延估计法、该方法先将多个不同时延的信号循环互相关组成二维图像,再对图像进行Radon变换,从而将时延估计问题转换为直线参数估计问题,时延估计精度优于传统循环互相关法。第二部分研究了虚假大场景欺骗干扰信号快速生成方法,具体研究内容包括:(1)根据距离多普勒成像算法的原理,提出了基于逆距离多普勒算法的干扰信号生成方法;根据对干扰实时性的不同要求,对假目标的距离徙动做出不同程度的简化,推导了这种简化对干扰效果的影响,分析了相应的计算量;(2)根据距离徙动成像算法的原理,提出了基于逆距离徙动算法的干扰信号生成方法,给出了算法的实现步骤,分析了算法的计算量。该方法生成的干扰信号精度最高,适用于对抗高分辨率和大斜视SAR;(3)为了保护运动军事目标,提出了匀速运动虚假场景干扰信号生成方法。推导了静止目标回波与运动目标回波之间的转换关系,给出了将静态场景回波快速转换为匀速运动场景干扰信号的具体步骤;(4)分析了载频、SAR飞行速度和距离等参数侦测误差对干扰效果的影响。详细推导了不同参数条件下,脉冲重复间隔测量误差对假目标的位置、分辨率和峰值强度的影响。这些结论将有助于干扰机的研制和应用。第三部分研究了双通道和极化SAR的抗干扰方法,具体研究内容包括:(1)提出了一种简单且易实现的数据采集方式,给出了相应的回波与干扰信号模型。根据干扰机与SAR的几何关系,推导了干扰信号到达角与方位慢时间的关系式,提出了干扰源高精度定位方法。利用双通道对消技术去除干扰信号,推导了对消前后干信比的变化公式,建立压缩感知线性测量模型,实现对消后照射场景的高分辨重构。(2)根据压制干扰和真实回波经距离压缩之后不同的分布特征,提出了基于最小熵准则的压制干扰抑制方法。利用干扰机和真实目标不同的极化特征,提出了在距离多普勒域对消压制干扰的方法。集成上述两种方法,可同时抑制压制干扰和欺骗干扰,推导了抑制后成像结果。这三种方法虽然可以有效抑制干扰,但却不同程度地损失了目标的极化信息。
[Abstract]:The Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is not limited by the territory's airspace. It can carry out high-resolution imaging on the vast area of the ground all the time, and has become an important means of information acquisition and the key combat object of the electronic warfare. Therefore, the active jamming and anti-jamming technology around the spaceborne SAR also become one of the hot spots in the field of radar electronic warfare. In this paper, based on the combination of the theory analysis and the simulation test, the work parameter estimation of the spaceborne SAR, the generation of the deception jamming signal and the anti-jamming technology of the spaceborne SAR are studied. The main work of the thesis consists of three parts: the first part of this paper studies the method of reconnaissance and estimation of SAR working parameters, and the specific research contents include: (1) analyzing the radar equation of the SAR side-lobe of the spaceborne SAR. According to this radar equation, the parameter estimation and optimization model of SAR antenna pattern is established. By using the prior information, the interval between the size and pitch of the SAR antenna is derived, and the optimization model is solved by combining the particle swarm optimization algorithm; and (2) for the existing linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal, The LFM parameter estimation method has the advantages of large calculation amount and poor estimation performance of low signal-to-noise ratio, and provides an LFM parameter estimation method combining the correlation solution line and the fractional Fourier transform, which avoids the process of parameter searching, and uses the singular value decomposition to suppress the influence of noise; and (3) analyzing the reason that the accuracy of the pulse time delay is limited by the traditional circular cross-correlation method, and a Radon-cycle cross-correlation pulse time delay estimation method is proposed, So that the time delay estimation problem is converted into a linear parameter estimation problem, and the time delay estimation precision is better than that of the traditional circular cross-correlation method. The second part studies the fast generating method of the false-large-scene deception jamming signal, which includes: (1) according to the principle of the distance-Doppler imaging algorithm, the method of generating the interference signal based on the inverse distance-Doppler algorithm is put forward; and according to the different requirements for the real-time performance of the interference, In this paper, the influence of the simplification on the interference effect is derived, and the corresponding calculation amount is analyzed. (2) The method for generating the interference signal based on the inverse distance interpolation algorithm is proposed based on the principle of the distance-based moving imaging algorithm. The implementation step of the algorithm is given, and the calculation amount of the algorithm is analyzed. The method has the advantages of high precision of the interference signal generated by the method, and is suitable for the SAR with high resolution and strabismus; and (3) in order to protect the moving military target, a method for generating a uniform motion false scene interference signal is proposed. The conversion relation between the stationary target echo and the moving target echo is derived, the concrete steps of fast converting the static scene echo into a uniform motion scene interference signal are given, and (4) the influence of the carrier frequency, the SAR flying speed and the distance and other parameters detection errors on the interference effect is analyzed. The influence of pulse repetition interval measurement error on the position, resolution and peak intensity of false target is derived in detail. These conclusions will contribute to the development and application of the jammer. The third part studies the anti-jamming method of dual-channel and polarized SAR, which includes: (1) a simple and easy-to-implement data acquisition mode is proposed, and the corresponding model of echo and interference signal is given. According to the relationship between the interference machine and the SAR, the relation between the arrival angle and the azimuth slow time of the interference signal is derived, and the high-precision positioning method of the interference source is put forward. By using the dual-channel cancellation technique to remove the interference signal, the formula of the change of the before-and-back dry-signal ratio is derived, and a compression-sensing linear measurement model is established to realize the high-resolution reconstruction of the post-cancellation radiation scene. And (2) according to the different distribution characteristics after the compression interference and the true echo are compressed by the distance, a method for suppressing the suppression interference based on the minimum entropy criterion is proposed. Using the different polarization characteristics of the jammer and the real target, a method to eliminate the interference from the Doppler domain is proposed. By integrating the above two methods, the suppression interference and the deception jamming can be suppressed at the same time, and the post-suppression imaging result is derived. Although the three methods can effectively suppress the interference, the polarization information of the target is lost to a different degree.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN974;V443.2
本文编号：2488518
[Abstract]:The Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is not limited by the territory's airspace. It can carry out high-resolution imaging on the vast area of the ground all the time, and has become an important means of information acquisition and the key combat object of the electronic warfare. Therefore, the active jamming and anti-jamming technology around the spaceborne SAR also become one of the hot spots in the field of radar electronic warfare. In this paper, based on the combination of the theory analysis and the simulation test, the work parameter estimation of the spaceborne SAR, the generation of the deception jamming signal and the anti-jamming technology of the spaceborne SAR are studied. The main work of the thesis consists of three parts: the first part of this paper studies the method of reconnaissance and estimation of SAR working parameters, and the specific research contents include: (1) analyzing the radar equation of the SAR side-lobe of the spaceborne SAR. According to this radar equation, the parameter estimation and optimization model of SAR antenna pattern is established. By using the prior information, the interval between the size and pitch of the SAR antenna is derived, and the optimization model is solved by combining the particle swarm optimization algorithm; and (2) for the existing linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal, The LFM parameter estimation method has the advantages of large calculation amount and poor estimation performance of low signal-to-noise ratio, and provides an LFM parameter estimation method combining the correlation solution line and the fractional Fourier transform, which avoids the process of parameter searching, and uses the singular value decomposition to suppress the influence of noise; and (3) analyzing the reason that the accuracy of the pulse time delay is limited by the traditional circular cross-correlation method, and a Radon-cycle cross-correlation pulse time delay estimation method is proposed, So that the time delay estimation problem is converted into a linear parameter estimation problem, and the time delay estimation precision is better than that of the traditional circular cross-correlation method. The second part studies the fast generating method of the false-large-scene deception jamming signal, which includes: (1) according to the principle of the distance-Doppler imaging algorithm, the method of generating the interference signal based on the inverse distance-Doppler algorithm is put forward; and according to the different requirements for the real-time performance of the interference, In this paper, the influence of the simplification on the interference effect is derived, and the corresponding calculation amount is analyzed. (2) The method for generating the interference signal based on the inverse distance interpolation algorithm is proposed based on the principle of the distance-based moving imaging algorithm. The implementation step of the algorithm is given, and the calculation amount of the algorithm is analyzed. The method has the advantages of high precision of the interference signal generated by the method, and is suitable for the SAR with high resolution and strabismus; and (3) in order to protect the moving military target, a method for generating a uniform motion false scene interference signal is proposed. The conversion relation between the stationary target echo and the moving target echo is derived, the concrete steps of fast converting the static scene echo into a uniform motion scene interference signal are given, and (4) the influence of the carrier frequency, the SAR flying speed and the distance and other parameters detection errors on the interference effect is analyzed. The influence of pulse repetition interval measurement error on the position, resolution and peak intensity of false target is derived in detail. These conclusions will contribute to the development and application of the jammer. The third part studies the anti-jamming method of dual-channel and polarized SAR, which includes: (1) a simple and easy-to-implement data acquisition mode is proposed, and the corresponding model of echo and interference signal is given. According to the relationship between the interference machine and the SAR, the relation between the arrival angle and the azimuth slow time of the interference signal is derived, and the high-precision positioning method of the interference source is put forward. By using the dual-channel cancellation technique to remove the interference signal, the formula of the change of the before-and-back dry-signal ratio is derived, and a compression-sensing linear measurement model is established to realize the high-resolution reconstruction of the post-cancellation radiation scene. And (2) according to the different distribution characteristics after the compression interference and the true echo are compressed by the distance, a method for suppressing the suppression interference based on the minimum entropy criterion is proposed. Using the different polarization characteristics of the jammer and the real target, a method to eliminate the interference from the Doppler domain is proposed. By integrating the above two methods, the suppression interference and the deception jamming can be suppressed at the same time, and the post-suppression imaging result is derived. Although the three methods can effectively suppress the interference, the polarization information of the target is lost to a different degree.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN974;V443.2
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