额外维与厚膜模型简介

发布时间：2018-05-03 12:55

本文选题：额外维 + 膜世界　；参考：《物理学进展》2017年02期

【摘要】：额外维概念的提出已有近百年的历史,但直到最近二十余年,人们对额外维物理的认识才发生了实质性的转变。例如,人们开始注意到额外维的尺度可以达到Te V-1量级甚至是无穷大的,而不与当前的实验观测相违背。一些额外维模型还可以对粒子物理学中的规范层次问题以及宇宙学中的暗物质问题给出全新的解释。此外,如果将我们所处的四维世界看成是更高维时空中的拓扑缺陷,例如五维时空中的一个四维畴壁,则可以通过场论的方法得到局域在畴壁上的各种四维物质场。如果进一步要使四维牛顿引力也能被局域在畴壁上,一般需要假设五维时空按照某种方式弯曲。这种弯曲时空中的畴壁称为厚膜。最简单的解析厚膜解可以在广义相对论中通过引入最小耦合的背景标量场得到。随着宇宙学的发展,越来越多的扩展引力理论和非最小耦合的标量场相继被提出并被应用于宇宙学和高能物理的各种问题中。因此研究各种扩展引力和非最小耦合标量场理论中的解析厚膜解和各种场的局域化机制就成了一个重要而又有趣的方向。目前国内外对厚膜模型的研究已经取得了一系列的研究成果,我们将对这一领域的相关研究进行简单的介绍。本文先对几种常见的额外维模型包括Kaluza-Klein理论、大额外维模型、Randall-Sundrum模型和标准的厚膜模型进行简单介绍,并分析线性涨落和引力场的局域化。然后介绍厚膜背景下各种物质场的局域化机制。最后以非正则标量场论和几种常见的扩展引力理论为例,介绍厚膜模型的相关研究进展。
[Abstract]:The concept of extra dimension has been put forward for nearly 100 years, but it is only in the last twenty years that people's understanding of extra dimension physics has changed substantially. For example, people are beginning to notice that the extra dimension can reach Te V-1 or even infinity without contradicting current experimental observations. Some extra dimensional models can also provide a new explanation for the problem of gauge hierarchy in particle physics and the problem of dark matter in cosmology. In addition, if we regard our four-dimensional world as a topological defect in higher dimensional space-time, for example, a four-dimensional domain wall in five-dimensional space-time, we can obtain all kinds of four-dimensional material fields localized on the domain walls by the method of field theory. If the four-dimensional Newtonian gravity is further to be localized on the domain walls, it is generally assumed that the five-dimensional spacetime bends in some way. The domain walls in this curved spacetime are called thick films. The simplest analytical thick film solution can be obtained in general relativity by introducing the minimum coupled background scalar field. With the development of cosmology, more and more extended gravitational theory and non-minimum coupled scalar fields have been proposed and applied to various problems of cosmology and high energy physics. Therefore, it is an important and interesting direction to study the analytical thick film solution and localization mechanism of various fields in the theory of extended gravity and non-minimum coupled scalar field. At present, a series of research results have been made on thick film model at home and abroad, we will briefly introduce the related research in this field. In this paper, several common extra dimensional models, including Kaluza-Klein theory, Randall-Sundrum model and standard thick film model, are briefly introduced, and the linear fluctuations and the localization of gravitational field are analyzed. Then the localization mechanism of various material fields in the thick film background is introduced. Finally, taking irregular scalar field theory and several kinds of extended gravity theories as examples, the research progress of thick film model is introduced.
【作者单位】：兰州大学物理科学与技术学院理论物理研究所;西安交通大学理学院;西南大学物理科学与技术学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(项目号:11375075、11522541和11605127) 中央高校基本科研业务费(项目号:lzujbky-2016-k04) 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划中国博士后基金(项目号:2016M592770)的资助
【分类号】：O412.1

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