基于协同式任务均衡的无线传感网路由优化算法研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 23:21

本文关键词：基于协同式任务均衡的无线传感网路由优化算法研究　出处：《广东工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感网(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)是由部署在监测区域内的大量廉价微型传感器节点,通过无线通信方式形成的一个多跳的自组织的网络系统。其目的是协作地感知、采集和处理网络覆盖区域中被感知对象的信息,并发送给观察者。传感器、感知对象和观察者构成了无线传感网的三个要素。无线传感网作为以数据为中心的网络,路由协议则是其组网的基础。如何高效的传输收集到的数据是一个重要的步骤,而路由协议解决了数据在网络中的传输问题。尽管在无线传感网路由方面已有不少研究成果,但是还没有一个以数据为中心,结合网络任务强度与无线信道特点的任务均衡的QoS路由协议。因此,本文研究了无线传感网路由协议中的两个问题：网络任务强度与传输能力的关系、任务均衡路由协议的研究,主要研究内容如下：(1)本文应用了任务强度的概念,任务强度可以表示网络可以处理任务的能力。超过网络的最大任务强度,网络就会因为处理能力不够而导致数据的丢失。任务强度的概念把无线传感网传输能力和网络的任务分配联系在一起。通过分析得到了网络任务与传输能力之间的关系。在最优化传输能力的分析过程中可以知道,无线信道的干扰、网络任务的分配、网络规模等严重影响了网络传输能力,同时对如何设计有效的任务均衡路由提供了一定的启发。(2)通过任务强度与传输能力关系的启发,本文提出了协同式任务均衡路由协议NIDR。该协议通过节点的深度信息作为均衡网络任务的前提,使用改进了的AODV算法来得到网络的最小生成树拓扑,并根据此最小生成树得到节点深度。同时,结合了无线信道的特点,引入了节点间干扰度的概念。节点在发送数据的同时,会不断迭代更新自身的干扰度,通过协同节点之间的干扰度信息,每个节点都有自已作为下一跳节点的度量。在进行路由选择时,借助多路径中的节点、节点干扰度和节点能量指标,动态的调整路由,使得网络中节点的负载和能量分布更加均衡。(3)使用OPNET Modeler仿真平台对提出的NIDR算法进行仿真。OPNET Modeler作为一个优秀的仿真平台工具,可以很好的支持无线传感网的仿真。通过对NIDR协议进行网络建模、节点建模和进程建模,然后对NIDR及其他二种任务均衡路由算法IDDR和EQSR的性能做了对比分析。从仿真的实验结果可以看出,相对与其他两种算法,NIDR能更好的提高网络吞吐量、具有更优的端到端时延,还减少了网络丢包率,延长了网络生命周期,可以说,结合了网络任务强度和无线信道特点的NIDR路由协议,可以有效的提高网络的运行效率。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) is a large number of cheap micro sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. A multi-hop self-organizing network system formed by means of wireless communication. The purpose of the system is to collectively perceive, collect and process the information of the perceived object in the network coverage area, and send it to the observer. Sensor. Perception objects and observers constitute the three elements of wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor network is a data-centric network. Routing protocol is the foundation of its network. How to transmit the collected data efficiently is an important step. The routing protocol solves the problem of data transmission in the network. Although there have been a lot of research achievements in wireless sensor network routing, none of them is data-centric. The task equalization QoS routing protocol based on the characteristics of network task intensity and wireless channel. Therefore, this paper studies two problems in wireless sensor network routing protocol: the relationship between network task intensity and transmission capacity. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) this paper applies the concept of task intensity, which can represent the ability of network to handle tasks, which exceeds the maximum task intensity of the network. The concept of task intensity links the transmission capacity of the wireless sensor network with the task assignment of the network. The analysis shows the relationship between the network task and the transmission capacity. In the process of optimizing transmission capacity analysis can be known. The interference of wireless channel, the assignment of network tasks and the scale of network seriously affect the transmission ability of the network. At the same time, it provides some inspiration on how to design effective task balanced routing. In this paper, a cooperative task balancing routing protocol NIDR is proposed, which uses the depth information of nodes as the premise of balancing network tasks. The improved AODV algorithm is used to obtain the minimum spanning tree topology of the network, and the node depth is obtained according to the minimum spanning tree. At the same time, the characteristics of wireless channel are combined. The concept of internode interference degree is introduced. While sending data, nodes will update their interference degree iteratively, and use the interference information between cooperative nodes. Each node has its own metric for the next hop node. In routing selection, the routing is dynamically adjusted with the help of the nodes in the multi-path, the degree of interference and the energy index of the nodes. Make the load and energy distribution of nodes in the network more balanced. Using OPNET Modeler simulation platform to simulate the proposed NIDR algorithm. OPNET Modeler as an excellent simulation platform tool. It can well support the simulation of wireless sensor network. Through the NIDR protocol network modeling, node modeling and process modeling. Then, the performance of NIDR and other two task equalization routing algorithms, IDDR and EQSR, are compared and analyzed. From the simulation results, we can see that the performance of the two algorithms is relative to the other two algorithms. NIDR can better improve network throughput, have better end-to-end delay, but also reduce the network packet loss rate, prolong the network life cycle, can be said. The NIDR routing protocol, which combines the task intensity and wireless channel characteristics, can effectively improve the efficiency of the network.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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