高速公路交通参数获取网络节点布设与传输方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 06:15

本文关键词：高速公路交通参数获取网络节点布设与传输方法研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着高速公路的迅速发展,高速公路的交通流量急剧升高,交通事故、交通拥挤问题日趋严重。可靠准确的交通参数是实时监控交通状态,保障高速公路安全高效运营的重要依据。高速公路传感器网络提供了信息化、智能化手段,在交通参数获取方面发挥着关键作用。高速公路传感器网络的研究由两部分组成,交通参数感知层与交通参数传输层。感知层主要考虑如何基于价值与成本的博弈布设传感器,感知完备、可靠的交通参数;传输层主要考虑如何用最小的能耗将感知的数据进行传输。二者是交通参数获取的两个重要阶段,具有先后顺序,缺一不可。本文的研究对象是面向交通参数获取的高速公路传感器网络,结合高速公路的特殊性,分别研究了传感器网络的节点布设与数据传输方法。本文主要研究成果有以下两个方面:(1)研究了高速公路交通参数感知的节点布设方法。首先,基于交通参数感知特性,提出了交通参数感知度的概念,通过感知度对交通参数获取的完备性进行了定量分析。其次,提出了交通参数覆盖度的概念,通过对匝道路段进行多重感知覆盖,研究了交通参数的冗余感知策略。再次,从传感器布设影响因素出发,提出了子路段均匀布设方法,将传感器布设的价值与成本的博弈具体化,建立了双层约束传感器布设模型,并给出了基于模拟退火算法的求解过程。最后,结合江苏省高速公路对布设模型的有效性进行了实例验证。(2)研究了高速公路交通参数传输方法。首先,通过分析高速公路传输需求,构建了高速公路交通参数传输的双层次网络架构,并给出了双层次网络节点能耗的定性及定量分析。其次,提出了簇首指数的概念,通过簇首指数优化改进了网络簇首的选择机制,并以均衡网络能耗为目的设计了基于族首指数的非均匀分族路由算法。再次,建立了能耗均衡模型用以评价传输路由方案的好坏,并给出了基于遗传粒子群算法的求解过程。最后,基于江苏省高速公路节点布设实例,求解了该网络交通参数传输路由方案,并与其他传输路由方案进行了对比,验证了本文设计的传输路由算法能够有效均衡网络能耗,并延长网络生命周期。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of expressway, the traffic flow of expressway increases sharply, traffic accidents and traffic congestion become more and more serious. Reliable and accurate traffic parameters are real-time monitoring traffic state. The highway sensor network provides information and intelligent means to ensure the safe and efficient operation of expressway. The research of highway sensor network is composed of two parts. The perception layer mainly considers how to set up sensors based on the game of value and cost to perceive the complete and reliable traffic parameters. The transport layer mainly considers how to use the minimum energy consumption to transmit the perceived data, which are two important stages of traffic parameter acquisition, and have the order of order. The research object of this paper is the freeway sensor network for obtaining traffic parameters, combining with the particularity of expressway. The main research results of this paper are the following two aspects: 1) the highway traffic parameter perception node layout method. First of all. Based on the characteristics of traffic parameter perception, the concept of traffic parameter perception is proposed, and the completeness of traffic parameter acquisition is quantitatively analyzed by perception. Secondly, the concept of traffic parameter coverage is proposed. The redundant sensing strategy of traffic parameters is studied by covering the ramp with multiple perception. Thirdly, from the factors affecting sensor placement, a method of uniform layout of sub-sections is proposed. The game between the value and cost of sensor placement is concretized, a two-layer constrained sensor placement model is established, and the solution process based on simulated annealing algorithm is given. Combined with the effectiveness of the expressway layout model in Jiangsu Province, the paper studies the transmission method of expressway traffic parameters. First of all, through the analysis of highway transmission requirements. In this paper, the double-layer network architecture of expressway traffic parameter transmission is constructed, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of energy consumption of two-level network nodes is given. Secondly, the concept of cluster head index is proposed. The selection mechanism of network cluster heads is improved by cluster head index optimization, and a non-uniform clustering routing algorithm based on cluster head index is designed for the purpose of equalizing network energy consumption. Thirdly. The energy balance model is established to evaluate the transport routing scheme, and the solving process based on genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm is given. Finally, an example of highway node placement in Jiangsu Province is presented. The network traffic parameter transmission routing scheme is solved and compared with other transmission routing schemes. It is verified that the proposed transport routing algorithm can effectively balance the network energy consumption and prolong the network life cycle.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491;TP212.9;TN929.5

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