应用节点和消息属性的机会网络路由和激励策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 05:03

本文关键词： 机会网络消息价值自私节点虚拟货币激励策略　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：机会网络是具有一般容忍延迟网络特征的移动自组织网络,采用“存储-携带-转发”的通信模式,消息投递率低、网络开销大。由于节点自身资源受限,导致节点表现出拒绝转发消息的自私性行为,造成网络性能下降。为了提高网络性能,本文在分析经典的机会网络路由协议和激励策略的基础上,提出了基于消息价值的路由协议和基于可透支虚拟货币机制的激励策略。机会网络路由协议的关键是选择合适的转发节点,经典的基于历史相遇信息的概率路由协议仅仅根据一个时间周期内节点是否相遇来计算相遇概率,没有效利用节点相遇的历史信息。本文提出的基于消息价值的路由协议(PBMV)中,利用节点的平均相遇间隔时间优化相遇概率的计算,使得相遇概率更能反映实际情况,选择的转发节点更加准确。同时对如何选择转发消息进行了优化,利用相遇概率、消息生存时间和消息长度定义了消息价值模型,计算发送队列中每一条消息的价值,根据消息价值大小决定发送消息的顺序,减少低价值消息引起的无意义转发。仿真结果表明,与其它机会网络经典路由协议相比,PBMV路由协议的消息投递率至少提高了9.91%,网络开销平均降低了44.94%,平均转发次数平均降低了8.99%。机会网络中的节点转发消息时具有自私性,经典的基于虚拟货币的节点激励策略将消息转发抽象成类似现实生活中的交易,节点转发消息时需要向转发节点支付虚拟货币,也可以通过为其他节点转发消息赚取虚拟货币。但大多激励策略都存在虚拟货币不足和虚假报价的问题。为解决上述问题,本文提出了一种基于可透支虚拟货币机制的节点激励策略(NIS)。NIS策略以节点消息转发能力作为货币透支担保来解决虚拟货币不足的问题;策略中的交易机制保持资源状态和财富状态公开,如果消息交易无法一次完成,交易双方将根据对方的资源状态和财富状态友好地二次议价来抑制节点虚假报价的问题。仿真实验验证了该策略的节点激励机制的有效性、可透支虚拟货币机制的有效性,并验证了在恶意节点存在的情况下,网络性能变化不大,说明该策略可以有效地抑制节点的虚假报价现象。
[Abstract]:Opportunity network is a kind of mobile ad hoc network with the characteristics of general tolerant delay network. It adopts the communication mode of "store-carry-forward". The message delivery rate is low and the network overhead is large. In order to improve the network performance, this paper analyzes the classical opportunistic network routing protocol and incentive strategy. A routing protocol based on message value and an incentive strategy based on overdraft virtual currency mechanism are proposed. The key of opportunistic network routing protocol is to select appropriate forwarding nodes. The classical probabilistic routing protocol based on historical encounter information only calculates the encounter probability according to whether the nodes meet in a time period. In the proposed routing protocol based on message value (PBMV), the average encounter interval time of nodes is used to optimize the encounter probability calculation. The encounter probability can reflect the actual situation more accurately and the selected forwarding node is more accurate. At the same time how to select the forwarding message is optimized and the encounter probability is used. Message lifetime and message length define a message value model, calculate the value of each message in the sending queue, and determine the order in which the message is sent according to the value of the message. The simulation results show that the message delivery rate of PBMV-routing protocol is at least 9.91% higher than that of other classical routing protocols in opportunistic networks. The average network overhead is reduced by 44.94 and the average number of forwarding is reduced by 8.99. the nodes in the opportunistic network have selfishness when forwarding messages. The classic node incentive strategy based on virtual currency abstracts message forwarding into a transaction similar to real life. When nodes forward messages, they need to pay virtual currency to the forwarding node. It is also possible to earn virtual currency by forwarding messages for other nodes. However, most incentive strategies have the problems of insufficient virtual currency and false quotation. In this paper, a node incentive strategy based on overdraft virtual currency mechanism is proposed to solve the problem of insufficient virtual currency by using node message forwarding ability as currency overdraft guarantee. The trading mechanism in the policy keeps the state of resources and wealth open if the message transaction cannot be completed at once. According to the resource state and wealth state of each other, both sides of the transaction will deal with the problem of false bidding in a friendly way. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the strategy. The validity of the overdraft virtual currency mechanism and the verification that the network performance changes little in the presence of malicious nodes, which shows that the strategy can effectively suppress the false quotation phenomenon of nodes.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5

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