基于位置信息的6LoWPAN网络IPv6地址配置机制的研究

发布时间：2018-02-08 20:18

本文关键词： 6LoWPAN 物联网 IPv6 地址自动配置位置信息　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在高度信息化时代,将大量低功耗嵌入式设备接入基于IPv6的互联网成为未来发展的必然趋势,因此6LoWPAN成为近几年的研究热点。但由于在6LoWPAN无线低功耗网络中,节点数量巨大,网络一般呈现多跳拓扑,使得传统地址配置方案难以直接应用,所以需要研究适应6LoWPAN环境的专用地址配置机制。在一些6LoWPAN应用中,没有位置信息的监测数据在很多场景下是没有意义的,而且节点之间的位置信息具有天然的异同性。因此本文以位置信息作为基本的切入点,研究了基于位置的6LoWPAN网络地址自动配置算法,主要的研究工作如下:(1)搭建了一种基于位置信息的网络架构LINA(Location information of the network architecture)。主要是根据节点的位置信息,通过投影6Lo WPAN网络到以边缘路由器为中心的二维平面,将其划分为一个个网络栅格,达到快速分簇的目的;由于各个栅格是相互独立的,可以同时进行地址配置,大大地降低了网络开销和延迟。(2)基于LINA网络架构,提出随机二分法地址配置方案。对原有基于邻居代理的地址配置方案进行改进,将地址配置的任务分散到栅格中大部分的代理节点上;为了减少地址配置在节点密度大的地方配置失败的概率,节点根据周围未分配IP地址节点的个数获得相应的地址空间;同时提出了有效的地址回收机制。(3)基于LINA网络架构,提出了基于位置的LDAAM(Location-based distributed address allocation mechanism)地址配置方案。该方案利用网络中的一些先验信息可合理设置地址配置的参数,适合应用于一些网络拓扑相对确定的场景。提出了有效的借地址机制,减少了孤立节点的个数,提高了地址分配的成功率;LDAAM机制分配的网络地址中的“地址—位置”相对映射关系使得路由更容易实现。(4)采用OPNET Modeler 15.4作为仿真平台,对提出的地址配置方案进行仿真分析。实验结果表明,两种地址配置方案与改进前相比,明显降低了地址配置的延迟,性能更好。
[Abstract]:In the high information age, it is an inevitable trend to connect a large number of low-power embedded devices to the Internet based on IPv6 in the future, so 6LoWPAN has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, because of the huge number of nodes in 6LoWPAN wireless low-power network, The network generally presents multi-hop topology, which makes the traditional address configuration scheme difficult to be directly applied, so it is necessary to study the special address configuration mechanism suitable for 6LoWPAN environment. In some 6LoWPAN applications, Monitoring data without location information is meaningless in many scenarios, and the location information between nodes has natural similarities and differences. A location-based 6LoWPAN network address auto-configuration algorithm is studied. The main research work is as follows: 1) A network architecture based on location information, LINA(Location information of the network architecture, is built, which is mainly based on the location information of nodes. By projecting 6Lo WPAN network to the two-dimensional plane centered on the edge router, it is divided into one network grid to achieve the purpose of fast clustering. Because each grid is independent of each other, it can be configured at the same time. The network overhead and delay are greatly reduced. (2) based on LINA network architecture, a random dichotomy address configuration scheme is proposed, and the original address configuration scheme based on neighbor agent is improved. In order to reduce the probability of the address configuration failure in the places with high node density, the node obtains the corresponding address space according to the number of unassigned IP address nodes around the grid. At the same time, an effective address recovery mechanism is proposed, which is based on the LINA network architecture, and a location-based LDAAM(Location-based distributed address allocation mechanism address configuration scheme is proposed, which can reasonably set the address configuration parameters using some prior information in the network. It is suitable for some scenarios where network topology is relatively determined. An effective loan-address mechanism is proposed to reduce the number of isolated nodes. In order to improve the success rate of address allocation, OPNET Modeler 15.4 is used as the simulation platform, because of the relative mapping relation between address and location in the network address assigned by LDAAM mechanism, which makes routing easier to realize. The experimental results show that the delay of address configuration is obviously reduced and the performance of the two schemes is better than that before improvement.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN92

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