基于无线传感器网络的森林火灾监测系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-03-05 16:04

本文选题：森林火灾监测　切入点：ZigBee技术　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：森林中蕴藏着丰富的人类所需的重要自然资源。森林火灾在世界范围内时常发生,森林火灾具有突发性的特点,而且火势蔓延速度快、破坏性极强,每次森林火灾都会造成严重的后果,不但给森林的自然资源造成毁坏,还威胁到了森林附近居民的生命财产安全。对森林火灾进行有效预防监测、减少森林火灾对自然资源的损失显得非常重要,利用现代化的互联网技术对森林火灾进行监测势在必行。本文在充分研究森林火灾基本起因的理论支持下,结合森林实际环境以及功能性能上的需求,将无线传感器网络技术中的ZigBee技术运用到森林火灾监测当中。传感器节点负责对林区的温湿度、烟雾浓度进行实时采集,按照树状拓扑结构将数据传送到协调器,协调器通过串口将数据传送到主机监测端,监测端对数据进行处理并以折线图的形式实时进行显示。本系统实现了对森林的环境参数进行提前预测,当预测值异常时,主机会发出预警铃声,同时会给救火人员发短信通知前往核实。本文设计的森林火灾监测系统充分地利用了ZigBee技术的主要优势,利用无线网络对引起森林火灾的环境参数进行大面积的监测。根据系统的功能上以及性能上的需要,硬件设计方案采用CC2530芯片搭配DHT11传感器和MQ-2传感器的方案。下位机的设计主要是对系统的终端、路由器、协调器这三个节点进行详细的设计,主要实现的功能分别是:对林区参数采集与数据发送、终端节点的休眠机制、林区数据参数的通信中继、接收林区数据参数、组建网络以及进行串口通信。上位机主要是对监测界面、功能进行详细的设计,主要管理模块包括用户信息管理模块、人员信息管理模块、监测数据管理模块、历史信息管理模块、预警模块以及数据整理模块,这些模块实现的主要的功能有登录人员信息管理、监测人员信息管理、监测点数据信息管理、历史数据的统计与图形显示、报警与短信预警机制等功能。最后,搭建测试平台,对森林火灾监测系统的软件平台基于无线传感器网络进行综合性的测试。
[Abstract]:Forests are rich in important natural resources for human needs. Forest fires often occur all over the world. Forest fires are characterized by sudden, rapid spreading and extremely destructive. Each forest fire has serious consequences, not only destroying the natural resources of the forest, but also threatening the safety of the lives and property of the people living in the vicinity of the forest. Effective prevention and monitoring of forest fires are carried out, It is very important to reduce the loss of natural resources caused by forest fire. It is imperative to use modern Internet technology to monitor forest fire. According to the demand of forest environment and function performance, the ZigBee technology of wireless sensor network technology is applied to forest fire monitoring. Sensor node is responsible for real-time collection of temperature, humidity and smoke concentration in forest area. According to the tree topology, the data is transmitted to the coordinator, which transmits the data to the host monitor through the serial port. The monitoring end processes the data and displays them in real time in the form of a broken line diagram. The system can predict the environmental parameters of the forest in advance. When the predicted value is abnormal, the host will issue an early warning bell. The forest fire monitoring system designed in this paper makes full use of the main advantages of ZigBee technology. The wireless network is used to monitor the environmental parameters that cause forest fire. According to the function and performance of the system, The hardware design scheme uses CC2530 chip to match DHT11 sensor and MQ-2 sensor. The design of lower computer is to design the system terminal, router and coordinator in detail. The main functions are as follows: collecting and sending the parameters of forest area, dormancy mechanism of terminal node, communication relay of data parameter of forest area, receiving data parameter of forest area, The main management module includes user information management module, personnel information management module, monitoring data management module, and monitoring data management module, the main management module includes user information management module, personnel information management module, monitoring data management module, the main management module includes user information management module, personnel information management module, monitoring data management module. The main functions of these modules are login personnel information management, monitoring personnel information management, monitoring point data information management, historical data statistics and graphic display, the historical information management module, the early warning module and the data collation module, the main functions of these modules are the login personnel information management, the monitoring personnel information management, the historical data statistics and the graph display. Finally, a testing platform is built to test the software platform of forest fire monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S762;TP212.9;TN92

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