无线通信基站的定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 09:41

本文选题：定位　切入点：无线通信　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于通信基站与用户终端之间的通信,研究如何定位终端的三维坐标。主要的原理是利用电信号传播的时间差测距,在基站坐标已知的基础上求解出终端的坐标,其中用到了求解方程近似解的相关算法。由于非视距传播、时钟不同步、测量精度等因素的影响,需要建立误差模型,尽可能拟合出真实的距离信息,在此基础上对于某个特定的场景即可以建立较为精确的定位模型。然后,研究了终端定位准确度和定位该终端的基站数量的关系。通过几组测试用例,可以验证该定位模型具有较高的准确性。文章的绪论主要介绍了通信基站定位系统的技术背景,比较了现有的几种无线基站定位算法的研究方向。在对定位算法的模型基础的介绍中,分别讨论了引起电信号测量误差的多种因素,提出了测量误差模型,然后给出了二维和三维的基本定位方程,这是定位算法的模型基础。文章的正文部分首先研究了测量误差模型,通过场景内的特定的采样点拟合出场景的测量距离和真实距离的误差模型。然后分别介绍了二维定位和三维定位的算法实现,使用最小二乘法求解定位方程组,通过增加参与定位的基站数量提高定位准确性。在基本定位模型的基础上,本文研究了通信基站的选取策略,在保证定位精度的基础上提高定位算法效率。最后文章考虑了通信半径对终端定位的影响,引入了连接度数的概念,研究了测量精度和连接度数的关系,进一步提高了该定位算法的实用性。
[Abstract]:Based on the communication between the communication base station and the user terminal, this paper studies how to locate the three-dimensional coordinates of the terminal. The main principle is to use the time difference ranging of the electric signal propagation to solve the coordinates of the terminal on the basis of the known coordinates of the base station. Due to the influence of non-line-of-sight propagation, clock synchronization, measurement accuracy and other factors, it is necessary to establish an error model to fit the true distance information as much as possible. On this basis, a more accurate location model can be established for a particular scenario. Then, the relationship between the location accuracy of the terminal and the number of base stations located at the terminal is studied. It can be verified that the model has high accuracy. The introduction of this paper mainly introduces the technical background of the communication base station positioning system. This paper compares the research directions of several existing wireless base station localization algorithms. In the introduction of the model foundation of the location algorithm, the paper discusses the various factors that cause the measurement error of electric signal, and puts forward the measurement error model. Then, the basic positioning equations of two and three dimensions are given, which are the basis of the localization algorithm. In the main part of this paper, the measurement error model is first studied. The error models of measuring distance and real distance of scene are fitted by special sampling points in the scene. Then, the algorithms of 2D and 3D positioning are introduced respectively, and the least square method is used to solve the positioning equations. By increasing the number of base stations involved in location, the accuracy of location is improved. Based on the basic positioning model, this paper studies the selection strategy of communication base stations. In the end, the influence of communication radius on terminal location is considered, the concept of connecting degree is introduced, and the relationship between measurement precision and connection degree is studied. The practicability of the algorithm is further improved.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5

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