物联网感知层关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 06:07

本文选题：物联网　切入点：无线传感器网络　出处：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物联网是继计算机、互联网和移动通信网之后世界信息产业又一次革命性发展,近年来发展迅速,并被广泛应用于工业监控、医疗卫生和智能交通等领域。相关研究日益受到世界各国政府、学术界和工业界的重视。物联网汇聚了众多新技术,其中,传感器网络和射频识别技术作为物联网感知层的两大关键技术,在整个物联网体系中发挥着不可替代的作用。本论文主要针对物联网感知层的关键技术,即无线传感器网络路由协议和射频识别系统多标签防碰撞技术进行研究和算法改进。主要工作内容及成果如下： (1)分析了物联网感知层在物联网体系中的地位和作用,详细介绍了无线传感器网络和射频识别技术,重点研究了无线传感器网络的路由算法和射频识别系统的多标签防碰撞技术,并分别建立仿真模型,进行了对比分析。 (2)在全面分析EEUC协议优缺点的基础上,提出了一种能量均衡的非均匀分簇路由协议EBUC。新协议从三个方面对EEUC协议进行了改进,一是借鉴LEACH协议的簇首产生机制,并加入剩余能量因子对候选簇首产生策略进行改进；二是引入独立节点概念对簇的建立过程作了进一步优化,使网络拓扑结构更加合理；三是在多跳路由建立阶段,新算法根据距离的不同将候选中继节点划分为不同的优先级,从而改进了中继节点的选取过程。仿真结果显示,EBUC算法有效降低了簇首能耗,使节点能量更加均衡,网络存活时间更长。 (3)在深入研究IPA算法的基础上,提出了一种新颖的基于ID预测的二进制防碰撞算法NIPA。新算法从两个方面对IPA算法作了改进,一是通过对计数域值确定情况下IPA中采用的JDS算法进行改进,实现了当检测到有两个数据位发生碰撞时阅读器对标签的直接识别；二是通过使阅读器记忆部分标签反馈信息作为下一次查询时的已知信息,减少了阅读器与标签之间的数据传输量。仿真实验表明,NIPA算法可以有效提高系统的识别效率,降低数据传输冗余。
[Abstract]:The Internet of things is another revolutionary development of the world's information industry after computers, the Internet of Internet and the mobile communication network. In recent years, the Internet of things has developed rapidly and has been widely used in industrial monitoring and control. In the fields of health and intelligent transportation, the related research has been paid more and more attention by governments, academia and industry around the world. The Internet of things has brought together many new technologies, among which, Sensor networks and radio frequency identification (RFID), as two key technologies of the Internet of things perception layer, play an irreplaceable role in the whole IoT system. This thesis mainly focuses on the key technologies of the perception layer of the Internet of things, that is, the routing protocol of wireless sensor network and the anti-collision technology of RFID system. The main contents and results are as follows:. In this paper, the position and function of IOT perception layer in Internet of things system are analyzed, and the wireless sensor network and radio frequency identification technology are introduced in detail. The routing algorithm of wireless sensor network and the multi-label anti-collision technology of radio frequency identification system are studied, and the simulation models are established and compared with each other. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of EEUC protocol, an energy balanced non-uniform clustering routing protocol EBUC is proposed. The new protocol improves the EEUC protocol from three aspects. The first is to learn from the cluster head generation mechanism of LEACH protocol. And the residual energy factor is added to improve the candidate cluster head generation strategy. Second, the independent node concept is introduced to further optimize the cluster building process to make the network topology more reasonable; third, in the multi-hop routing stage, The new algorithm divides the candidate relay nodes into different priorities according to the distance, and improves the selection process of the relay nodes. The simulation results show that the cluster head energy consumption is reduced effectively and the node energy is more balanced by the proposed algorithm. The network lives longer. Based on the research of IPA algorithm, a novel binary anti-collision algorithm based on ID prediction is proposed. The new algorithm improves the IPA algorithm from two aspects. The first is to improve the JDS algorithm used in IPA in the case of determining the value of the counting domain, and realize the direct recognition of tags when two bits of data are detected to collide. Second, the reader can memorize partial tag feedback information as the known information in the next query, which reduces the amount of data transmission between the reader and the tag. The simulation results show that the NIPA algorithm can effectively improve the recognition efficiency of the system. Reduce data transmission redundancy.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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