无线传感器网络的链式路由协议

发布时间：2018-03-09 11:33

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：路由协议　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)是指由一些具有感知能力、计算能力和通信能力的传感器节点通过自组织形式构成的网络。由于WSNs具有部署快速、成本低,并且节点之间相关属性小、适应能力较强等特点,因此被广泛应用于军事、民用、通信等各个方面。然而,无线传感器网络仍具有其自身的局限性,即区域内传感器节点往往能量有限且不可蓄电,因此如何减少节点在传输数据过程中消耗的能量,提高能量的使用效率,延长网络的使用寿命是当前无线传感器网络研究的热点。首先,本文针对经典链式路由协议PEGASIS的不足进行了改进,提出了基于节点密度的链式路由协议MADD。原有的链式路由协议在成链过程中一般采用贪婪算法,这种建链方式虽然在很大程度上缩短了通信节点间的距离,减少了传输的能量消耗,但这种成链方式形成的链路为单链结构,且在建链过程中会造成某些节点间不可避免的产生长链。本文提出的MADD路由协议将单链结构转变为多链结构,在使用贪婪算法建链的过程中,同时考虑节点密度与链上节点间的平均距离,减少长链产生的同时避免了数据的过度集中,降低了节点的传输能耗。实验结果表明,该算法对于减少传输能耗效果明显,有效的延长了网络的生命周期。其次,在MADD路由协议的基础上提出了改进算法,在链首选取过程中,以节点剩余能量和与基站间的距离作为衡量标准,进而选取出适当的节点充当链首,同时根据链首节点的选举情况动态调整主链,达到均衡各个链路节点的剩余能量的效果,进一步改善无线传感器网络的生命周期。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) refers to a network composed of sensor nodes with sensing, computing and communication capabilities through self-organizing forms. Because of its rapid deployment, low cost, and low correlation properties between nodes, the wireless sensor network (WSNs) is composed of sensor nodes with sensing, computing and communication capabilities. Because of its strong adaptability, wireless sensor networks are widely used in military, civil, communication and other fields. However, wireless sensor networks still have their own limitations, that is, sensor nodes in the region are often limited in energy and can not store electricity. Therefore, how to reduce the energy consumed by nodes in the process of transmitting data, improve the efficiency of energy use and prolong the service life of wireless sensor networks is a hot topic in the research of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the shortcomings of classical chain routing protocol (PEGASIS) are improved, and a node density based chain routing protocol (MADD) is proposed. The original chained routing protocol usually adopts greedy algorithm in the process of chain formation. Although this kind of chain building method greatly shortens the distance between communication nodes and reduces the energy consumption of transmission, the link formed by this chain-forming mode is a single-chain structure. In the process of chain building, some nodes inevitably produce long chains. The MADD routing protocol proposed in this paper transforms the single-chain structure into the multi-chain structure, and in the process of using greedy algorithm to build the chain, At the same time, considering the average distance between the node density and the node on the chain, it reduces the generation of long chain and avoids the excessive concentration of data, and reduces the transmission energy consumption of the node. The experimental results show that the algorithm has obvious effect on reducing the transmission energy consumption. Secondly, based on the MADD routing protocol, an improved algorithm is proposed, which takes the residual energy of the node and the distance between the base station and the node as the measurement standard. At the same time, the main chain is dynamically adjusted according to the election situation of the chain head node to achieve the effect of balancing the residual energy of each link node, and further improve the life cycle of wireless sensor network.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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