基于UWB定位节点的开发与研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 20:16

本文选题：室内定位　切入点：UWB　出处：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：定位技术主要分为室外定位和室内定位两大类。目前,室外定位由于精度要求以及GPS的支撑,技术已经日趋成熟,例如现今车辆导航系统、共享单车(如摩拜、ofo等)及物流监测等方面GPS都有很大的应用。至于室内定位技术的发展,由于受到室内复杂环境及多种障碍物的影响,高精确室内定位技术的发展面临着许多瓶颈的限制。本文致力于研究基于UWB的室内定位技术方案,UWB技术以其功耗低、多径分辨能力强、抗干扰能力强等特点很好地满足室内定位技术的需求。首先,论文从UWB信号的实现方式以及从调制扩频方式和脉冲波形入手分析适合测距定位的UWB信号脉冲属性。其次,本文着手搭建了基于UWB定位系统的软硬件平台,从节点的硬件电路入手分别介绍节点每个电路原理图,重点介绍了UWB信号收发模块以及主控部分,并对整个硬件电路进行了安装调试,保证了整个系统的稳定性。然后阐述了整个软件平台的开发流程以及UWB信号的通信流程,并研究了UWB信号的前导码、信道以及脉冲重复频率(PRF)参数配置对于整个测距定位系统的影响,最终确定信号的参数配置。同时本文制作了定位系统的上位机界面,以便实现对数据的显示和实时监控,并为后文的实验测试提供数据依据。最后对比了目前应用较广的几种定位算法,并进一步改进了基于三边定位的质心定位算法。同时在仿真实验以及实际环境条件进行了测试实验,得到了15cm左右的测距定位精度,进一步验证了本文搭建的UWB室内定位系统的可行性。
[Abstract]:Positioning technology is mainly divided into outdoor positioning and indoor positioning. At present, outdoor positioning technology has become more and more mature due to precision requirements and the support of GPS, such as today's vehicle navigation system. Shared bicycles (such as mobike OFO, etc.) and logistics monitoring have great applications. As for the development of indoor positioning technology, due to the impact of complex indoor environment and various obstacles, The development of high-precision indoor positioning technology is facing many bottlenecks. This paper focuses on the research of indoor positioning technology based on UWB because of its low power consumption and strong multi-path resolution. The characteristics of strong anti-jamming ability can meet the needs of indoor positioning technology. Firstly, this paper analyzes the pulse attributes of UWB signal suitable for ranging and positioning from the realization of UWB signal and the modulation and spread spectrum mode and pulse waveform. In this paper, the hardware and software platform based on UWB positioning system is set up. The schematic diagram of each node circuit is introduced from the hardware circuit of the node, and the UWB signal transceiver module and the main control part are introduced emphatically. The whole hardware circuit is installed and debugged to ensure the stability of the whole system. Then the development process of the whole software platform and the communication flow of the UWB signal are described, and the preamble code of the UWB signal is studied. The influence of channel and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) parameter configuration on the whole ranging and positioning system is finally determined. At the same time, the upper computer interface of the location system is made in order to display and monitor the data in real time. And provide the data basis for the later experiment test. Finally, compare several localization algorithms which are widely used at present. Furthermore, the centroid localization algorithm based on triangulation is improved, and the accuracy of ranging and positioning is obtained by the experiment of simulation and the actual environment, and the accuracy of location is about 15cm. The feasibility of the UWB indoor positioning system built in this paper is further verified.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN925

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