S波段宽带全向圆极化天线的设计

发布时间：2018-03-13 23:03

  本文选题：全向天线　切入点：圆极化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要对S波段低剖面单馈宽带全向圆极化印刷天线进行研究和设计。对于卫星通信和无线通信而言,S波段是其最常用的频段之一。由于全向天线较传统的定向天线可以提供更大的信号覆盖范围,全向天线能保持车载设备或者移动终端与周围不同方位角的目标进行实时通信。圆极化天线可以有效抑制多径衰落和极化失配带来的损耗,以保证信号传输的稳定性。同时,由于印刷天线的低剖面、易共形、易集成和低成本等优点,其应用前景十分广阔。宽带全向圆极化印刷天线将低剖面、宽频带、全向性和圆极化这几个优良的天线特性结合在一起,这将有效提高通信基站或者移动终端的空间利用率和降低其天线开发的成本。就目前情况来看,制约该类天线应用的主要问题是其阻抗带宽和轴比带宽过窄。可以预见,低剖面宽带全向圆极化印刷天线将在未来的无线通信领域扮演不可或缺的角色。本文首先研究了全向圆极化印刷天线的基本理论。对圆极化天线的基本概念和微带天线分析方法进行了具体的阐述和分析。对全向圆极化天线的基本实现方法和圆极化印刷天线的宽频带技术进行了深入的理论探讨。本文主要涉及了三种单馈宽带全向圆极化印刷天线。第一种是正交双缝隙型宽带全向圆极化印刷天线。该天线剖面较低,且实现了宽带水平全向圆极化特性。文中对该类天线的性能指标进行了阐述和分析,对该天线的敏感参数进行了相关的理论和仿真分析。最后,对该天线全向圆极化和宽频带的工作原理进行了深入研究。仿真结果表明,该天线在2.19GHz~2.60GHz的频率范围内实现了反射系数-10d B、轴比3d B、增益1d B的特性。第二种是L型加载改进地板的宽带全向圆极化印刷天线。该天线满足了低剖面宽带全向圆极化的特性。文中对该天线的敏感结构参数进行了仿真分析和研究,之后对该天线宽带全向圆极化的原理进行了深入的仿真和理论分析。仿真结果表明,该天线在2.18GHz~2.62GHz的频率范围内实现了俯仰角θ=200的平面内在反射系数-10d B、轴比3d B的特性。第三种是F型加载改进地板的宽带全向圆极化印刷天线。该天线是在第二种天线结构上的改进,以改变该天线的全向圆极化最优的平面的俯仰角。文中对该天线与第二种天线的性能指标进行了对比,并在理论上解释了该天线较第二种天线具有更好的全向辐射特性的原因。最后,制作了实物并进行了测试,将仿真结果与实物测试结果进行了对比和分析。测试和仿真结果表明,该天线在2.20GHz~2.62GHz的频率范围内实现了俯仰角θ=300的平面内在反射系数-10d B、轴比3d B、增益3d B的特性,基本满足了我们所提出的技术指标要求。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we mainly study and design the S band low profile wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized printed antenna. For satellite communication and wireless communication, the S band is one of the most commonly used frequency bands. To the antenna can provide a larger signal coverage, The omnidirectional antenna can keep the on-board device or mobile terminal in real-time communication with the target with different azimuth around it. The circular polarization antenna can effectively suppress the loss caused by multipath fading and polarization mismatch to ensure the stability of signal transmission. Because of the advantages of low profile, easy conformal, easy integration and low cost of printed antenna, its application prospect is very broad. The combination of omnidirectional and circular polarization characteristics of antennas will effectively increase the space utilization rate of communication base stations or mobile terminals and reduce the cost of antenna development. The main problem that restricts the application of this kind of antenna is that its impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth are too narrow. The low profile wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna will play an indispensable role in the future wireless communication field. This paper first studies the basic theory of omnidirectional circular polarization printed antenna. The basic realization method of omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna and the wide band technique of circularly polarized printed antenna are discussed in detail. Three kinds of single feed are mainly involved in this paper. Wide band omnidirectional circularly polarized printed antenna. The first is orthogonal double slot wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized printed antenna. The profile of this antenna is relatively low. The characteristics of wide band horizontal omnidirectional circular polarization are realized. The performance index of this kind of antenna is described and analyzed, and the sensitive parameters of the antenna are analyzed in theory and simulation. Finally, The working principle of the omnidirectional circular polarization and broadband antenna is deeply studied. The simulation results show that, The antenna achieves the characteristics of reflection coefficient -10dB, axial ratio 3dB, gain 1dB in the frequency range of 2.19GHz 2.60GHz. The second is the broad-band omnidirectional circularly polarized printed antenna with L type loading and improving floor. The antenna satisfies the low profile wideband omni-directional antenna. The characteristics of circular polarization. In this paper, the sensitive structure parameters of the antenna are simulated and studied. Then the principle of wide-band omnidirectional circular polarization of the antenna is deeply simulated and theoretically analyzed. The simulation results show that, In the frequency range of 2.18 GHz and 2.62 GHz, the antenna has the characteristics of reflection coefficient -10 dB and axial ratio of 3 dB in the plane of pitch angle 胃 200. The third type is a wide-band omnidirectional circularly polarized printed antenna with F-loaded improved floor. The antenna is based on the second type of antenna. Improvements in antenna structure, In order to change the pitch angle of the plane with optimal omnidirectional circular polarization, the performance of the antenna is compared with that of the second antenna. The reason why the antenna has better omnidirectional radiation characteristic than the second antenna is explained in theory. Finally, the material object is made and tested. The comparison and analysis between the simulation results and the physical test results show that the antenna has the characteristics of reflection coefficient -10 dB, axial ratio 3 dB, gain 3 dB in the frequency range of 2.20 GHz ~ 2.62 GHz. Basically has satisfied the technical target request which we proposed.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN821.1
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本文编号：1608519