可用于大科学装置的数据采集和信号处理系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 15:23

本文选题：反应堆监测　切入点：加速器监测　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着核技术越来越深入科研、军事、工业以及消费领域,为核科学技术研究发展而建设的大科学装置也逐渐增多。这些装置的稳定可靠运行离不开配套的支撑平台为其提供运行监控,反馈控制,信号采集,数据分析等服务。神龙一号直线感应加速器是一套利用电磁感应加速带电粒子的加速器,在闪光X照相,自由电子激光以及高功率微波等科研、工业领域有着广泛的应用。在神龙一号的研制、调试与运行工程中,需要各种测量手段对其工作进行监控。与此同时,国际可控热核聚变实验反应堆(ITER)是为开展人工可控核聚变而建设的托卡马克装置。在可控核聚变装置中,等离子体参数测量、中子通量以及中子能谱反映出反应堆的工作状态,对这些量的监测同样需要一套合适的数据采集与处理系统。本文通过分析以上两类大科学装置对数据采集与处理系统的需求,本文提出了一套能与它们相适应的数据获取系统并加以实现,经测试系统的电子学性能和数据处理能力均达到设计要求,已部分投入试验运行。加速器束流监测作为加速器监测中的重点,本文将通过理论分析与实际情况重点讨论神龙一号中束流信号的获取与束流位置的获取方式以及对相关数据的处理方法。第一章节首先介绍神龙一号直线感应加速器和国际可控聚变堆的背景、原理以及发展。结合两个大型核科学实验装置继而提出了他们对数据采集系统的需求,论述了两种大型装置中数据采集的共同点以及其中的关键问题,分析和解决相应的关键问题从而确立了本文研究的方向、重点和研究的内容。第二章主要介绍了大型实验装置运行监测中的关键问题的解决方案以及国内外的研究现状,以及在工程领域的实现。第三章中根据大型实验装置中各个测量量进行相关的理论分析与实际需求,提出了硬件设计总体方案以及其功能需求和设计的关键点第四章详细阐述FPGA的开发流程以及程序设计,包括硬件接口的实现以及举例说明束流位置测量的设计思想和实现方式。第五章介绍了系统的测试,包括电子学各项性能的测试,以及直线感应加速器中束流位置的测试并得出测试结果。第六章对测试性能进行了总结分析,并对系统以后的发展提出了展望本课题的研究目标是大科学装置中数据的采集与处理,实现了能够满足相应工程领域规范化的数据采集系统,同时对具体数据获取要求实现了定制化分析和处理,建立了一套适用于大科学装置的数据获取与处理系统。该系统能实现多通道数据的精确同步采集,数字波形判选甄别,在线可重构实现无障碍系统迁移,有效提高了系统的通用性,降低了系统成本和复杂度。论文详细介绍了硬件实现与数据处理,通过实验验证了加速器测量和ITER反应堆测量中所需要的相关功能。
[Abstract]:As nuclear technology grows deeper into scientific research, military, industrial and consumer areas, The number of large scientific devices built for the research and development of nuclear science and technology is also gradually increasing. The stable and reliable operation of these devices cannot be separated from supporting platforms to provide them with operation monitoring, feedback control, and signal collection. Shenlong 1 Linear Induction Accelerator is a set of accelerators that use electromagnetic induction to accelerate charged particles in the scientific research of flash X-ray, free electron laser and high power microwave, etc. Industrial field has a wide range of applications. In the development, commissioning and operation of Shenlong 1, it needs various measuring means to monitor its work. At the same time, The International controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental reactor (ITERR) is a Tokamak device built for the purpose of artificial controlled nuclear fusion. In the controlled nuclear fusion device, the measurement of plasma parameters, neutron flux and neutron energy spectrum reflect the working state of the reactor. The monitoring of these quantities also needs a set of suitable data acquisition and processing system. In this paper, a set of data acquisition system which can adapt to them is put forward and implemented. The electronic performance and data processing ability of the test system meet the design requirements. Accelerator beam monitoring is the focus of accelerator monitoring. This paper will focus on the acquisition of beam signal and beam position in Shenlong I and the processing method of relevant data through theoretical analysis and practical situation. The first chapter introduces the linear induction of Shenlong 1. The background of the accelerator and the international controlled fusion reactor, Principle and development. Combining with two large nuclear science experimental devices, this paper puts forward their demand for data acquisition system, and discusses the common points and key problems of data acquisition in the two kinds of large-scale devices. The research direction, emphasis and content of this paper are established by analyzing and solving the corresponding key problems. The second chapter mainly introduces the solutions of the key problems in the operation and monitoring of large experimental devices and the current research situation at home and abroad. And the realization in the engineering field. In the third chapter, according to the various measurements in the large experimental device, the relevant theoretical analysis and practical requirements are carried out. The general scheme of hardware design, the function requirement and the key point of design are put forward in chapter 4th. The development process and program design of FPGA are described in detail. It includes the implementation of hardware interface, the design idea and implementation of beam position measurement with examples. Chapter 5th introduces the testing of the system, including the testing of electronic properties. And the beam position in the linear induction accelerator is measured and the results are obtained. Chapter 6th summarizes and analyzes the testing performance. And the future development of the system is prospected. The research goal of this subject is to collect and process the data in the large scientific device, and to realize the data acquisition system which can meet the standardization of the corresponding engineering field. At the same time, the specific data acquisition requirements are analyzed and processed in a customized way, and a data acquisition and processing system suitable for large scientific devices is established. The system can realize accurate synchronous data acquisition and digital waveform selection and discrimination. On-line reconfigurable system migration improves the generality of the system and reduces the cost and complexity of the system. This paper introduces the hardware implementation and data processing in detail. The functions needed in accelerator measurement and ITER reactor measurement are verified by experiments.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274.2;TN911.7

【参考文献】