基于LEACH和HEED的WSN路由协议研究与改进

发布时间：2018-03-17 07:18

本文选题：传感器　切入点：监测区域　出处：《北方民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)作为一种新兴的信息获取技术,被誉为21世纪将影响世界的十大技术之首,以其广泛的应用,受到人们的重视。无线传感器网络通过撒播具有无线通信能力的传感器节点在监测区域,来感知、收集、处理监测区域的物理信息,并把信息反馈给控制台。由于低功耗、低成本、分布式和自组织的特点,无线传感器网络被广泛的应用于在军事、航空、防爆、救灾、环境、医疗、保健、家居、工业、商业等领域。在无线传感器网络的应用中,成千上万的传感器节点被散布在人迹罕至的监测区域,传感器节点通常是通过电池来进行供电的,传感器节点部署完成后很难进行电池的更换,一旦节点能量耗尽,将会失去作用,过多的节点失效会导致网络瘫痪,因此节点能量显得弥足珍贵。所以,研究高效、节能,能延长网络生命周期的网络协议非常重要。本文阐述了无线传感器网络的体系结构,介绍了无线传感器网络的关键技术,分析了无线传感器网络路由协议,重点介绍了分层路由协议。接着介绍了经典路由协议LEACH协议,详细研究了网络结构、能量模型、协议原理、簇头选举、成簇、数据传输等方面进行研究,最后通过仿真软件模拟协议运行,并且总结了LEACH协议的优缺点。然后针对LEACH协议的不足进行改进,提出了一种基于双簇头的能量有效的路由算法。该路由算法将传感器节点划分一定区域,改进簇头选举算法,使用双簇头协调工作的机制,并且在簇间运用单跳和多跳路由机制。并且设计仿真实验,结果表明改进的协议在簇的划分、簇头选举、能量均衡、网络生命周期等方面有明显改进。最后基于另外一种经典分簇路由算法HEED协议,提出一种与数据融合相结合的改进算法,算法优化了簇头选举算法,提高了鲁棒性,分别从节点密度、汇聚节点的位置和网络大小几个方面证明了改进算法的优越性。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as a new information acquisition technology, is regarded as one of the top ten technologies that will affect the world in 21th century. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) perceive, collect, process the physical information of the monitoring area by sowing sensor nodes with wireless communication capability in the monitoring area, and feed back the information to the console. Low-cost, distributed and self-organizing features, wireless sensor networks are widely used in military, aviation, explosion prevention, disaster relief, environment, medical, health care, home, industry, commerce and other fields. Thousands of sensor nodes are scattered in the inaccessible monitoring area. The sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries, and it is difficult to replace the batteries once the sensor nodes are deployed, once the node energy is exhausted. Because too many node failures lead to network paralysis, so node energy is precious. So, research on efficiency, energy conservation, The network protocol that can prolong the network life cycle is very important. This paper describes the architecture of wireless sensor network, introduces the key technology of wireless sensor network, and analyzes the routing protocol of wireless sensor network. Then the classical routing protocol LEACH protocol is introduced, and the network structure, energy model, protocol principle, cluster head election, clustering, data transmission and so on are studied in detail. Finally, the protocol is simulated by simulation software, and the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH protocol are summarized. Then, the shortcomings of LEACH protocol are improved. This paper presents an energy-efficient routing algorithm based on double cluster heads, which divides sensor nodes into certain regions, improves cluster head election algorithm, and uses a mechanism of coordination between two cluster heads. The simulation results show that the improved protocol can be used in cluster partition, cluster head election, energy balance, and so on. Finally, based on another classical clustering routing algorithm (HEED), an improved algorithm combined with data fusion is proposed, which optimizes the cluster head selection algorithm and improves the robustness. The advantages of the improved algorithm are proved from the node density, the location of the convergent node and the network size.
【学位授予单位】：北方民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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