无线传感器网络LEACH协议的研究与安全改进

发布时间：2018-03-19 16:32

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：LEACH协议　出处：《华南理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是由部署在监测区域内大量廉价微型传感器节点通过无线通信方式形成的一种多跳、自组织的网络系统,正广泛地应用于工业、农业、商业、军事等领域。目前,无线传感器网络路由协议、MAC协议等相关技术已经得到了快速发展,而安全问题的研究方兴未艾。随着信息安全形势的日益严峻,无线传感器网络的安全问题,已经成为研究热点。本文首先详细介绍了无线传感器网络的概念、应用以及安全问题。然后,重点研究了LEACH路由协议及其安全性。由于传感器节点资源有限,当前很多成熟的网络安全技术无法很好的运用在无线传感器网络中。本文以资源受限为前提,提出了一套基于LEACH的低功耗安全改进协议。该协议主要在LEACH协议的基础上做出了以下改进:(1)改进了簇头选举算法和最优簇头选取策略,在簇头选举时,把节点剩余能量、与基站的距离作为重要参考因素。另外,最优簇头的选取综合考虑簇头信号强度、剩余能量以及与基站的距离等因素。(2)采用基于预分配方式的对称密钥机制为LEACH协议构建起一套完整的密钥管理体系,通过周期性的更新网络主密钥、节点密钥和簇密钥,保障整个密钥体系的安全性。此外,在密钥管理机制上融合了消息认证、身份认证、链路认证等机制,这些轻量级安全机制的应用为LEACH协议构建起了一个健壮可靠的安全防御体系。(3)针对簇头节点易成攻击对象的特点提出了簇首监控机制,该机制为每一个簇头节点选定另一个簇头节点作为其监控节点。监控簇头节点在传输数据给被监控对象的同时,也传输跟踪数据给基站。如此,基站通过分析计算监控簇头发送的数据,检测出网络中是否存在丢包等攻击行为。本文最后采用NS2对改进协议进行实现与仿真。经过大量试验验证,本文提出的改进协议对不具备合法身份的攻击者发起的外部攻击具备有效的防御能力。对于攻击者俘获簇头节点进而发起的内部篡改、丢包等攻击具有一定的检测能力。此外,仿真结果表明,改进协议采用的低功耗设计策略,减少了因安全机制的引入带来的能耗增加,且基本上能接近LEACH协议的能耗水平。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network is deployed in the monitoring area by a large number of micro sensor nodes through wireless communication to form a multi hop, self-organizing network system, is widely used in industrial, agricultural, commercial, military and other fields. At present, the wireless sensor network routing protocol, MAC protocol and other related technology has been rapid the development and the research on security is just unfolding. With the information security situation is increasingly grim, the security problem of wireless sensor network, has become a hot research topic. This paper first introduces the concept of wireless sensor network, and application security issues. Then, focusing on the study of LEACH routing protocol and its security. Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, the current use a lot of mature network security technology can not very well in wireless sensor networks. Based on the limited resources as the premise, put forward a A low power consumption safety improvement based on LEACH protocol. This protocol is mainly based on the LEACH protocol and made the following improvements: (1) improved the cluster head election algorithm and the optimal cluster head selection strategy, in the election of cluster head, the node residual energy, the distance from the base station as an important reference factor. In addition, the optimal strength the cluster head selection considering cluster head signal, the residual energy and the distance from the base station and other factors. (2) the symmetric key pre distribution mechanism based on the LEACH protocol to build up a complete set of key management system, through the network to update the master key periodically, and the key node of the cluster key, guarantee the safety of the whole the key system. In addition, the key management mechanism on the integration of message authentication, identity authentication, link authentication mechanism, the security mechanism for the application of lightweight LEACH protocol establishes a robust security defense can rely on System. (3) according to the characteristics of the cluster head node to attack object is proposed first cluster monitoring mechanism, the mechanism for each cluster head node selects another cluster head node as its monitoring node. Monitoring the cluster head node to the monitored object at the same time in the transmission of data, transmission of tracking data to the base station. So, the base station computer monitoring cluster head transmitted through the analysis of data, detect the packet loss and other network attacks. Finally, using NS2 simulation and implementation of the protocol. After a large number of experiments, the proposed protocol to initiate improvement does not have the legal identity of the attacker's external attacks have for effective defensive capabilities. The internal attackers tampering with the cluster head node capture and then launched the attack, packet loss has certain testing ability. In addition, the simulation results show that the improved protocol adopts low power design strategy, reducing the The introduction of the security mechanism brings more energy consumption and is basically close to the energy consumption level of the LEACH protocol.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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