基于共面波导馈电的超宽带单极子天线的研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 09:02

本文选题：超宽带　切入点：微带天线　出处：《安徽建筑大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线通信系统的天线是发送和接收所有的无线通信信号的主要部件,随着各种通信系统的不断发展使频谱这种资源变得非常拥挤,超宽带天线的产生改善了频谱拥挤的这一现象。超宽带(Ultra-Wideband,UWB)天线是有良好的宽频性能的天线,具有成本低、发射功率低、损耗低及多径分辨能力强等优点,所以超宽带天线得到迅速发展。随着超宽带技术的发展,天线的频带越来越宽,但是天线的尺寸也越来越大,不利于通信系统的集成和数字化,所以天线的小型化是一个非常重要的研究方向。本文围绕着天线得宽频特性和小型化进行的,对传输宽频的脉冲信号的UWB天线展开了探讨与研究。首先介绍了超宽带天线的发展历史及发展现状,通过查阅相关文献,对超宽带单极子天线的相关理论和共面波导的理论进行了分析和讨论。探论了天线的性能参数和微带天线的馈电方式之间的关系,得到了共面波导;设计并仿真了两款UWB单极子天线,并用仿真软件进行了仿真计算,查看它们的性能指标,结果显示这两个天线的带宽都超过了7.5GHz,并且覆盖了超宽带要求的频带范围;制作出试验样品,测试并验证天线性能。本文主要完成以下几项内容:1.设计了一款圆形单极子微带天线,优化改进后成为UWB天线,首先单极子天线采用微带线馈电,相对圆辐射贴片是地面的一部分,圆形辐射贴片的对面是部分接地板,软件仿真计算天线的频带没有达到超宽带天线的设计要求,然后采用共面波导馈电,并对馈线与接地板之间的缝隙进行优化,仿真结果显示天线的回波损耗频带覆盖了1.1GHz~14GHz,超过了7.5GHz,达到了超宽带天线的设计要求,对接地板的尺寸进行了优化,最终天线的带宽达到15.7GHz,但是天线的尺寸比较大,不利于系统集成。2.虽然上面设计的天线阻抗带宽很大,但是尺寸比较大,不利于超宽带通信系统的集成。为解决这个问题,改进为一个小型尺寸的矩形单极子天线,天线尺寸变小导致天线的带宽等性能降低,难以达到超宽带天线的设计要求。然后通过改变天线的辐射贴片的形状来改善天线的性能,矩形贴片两个三角形,并添加长椭圆的一半,天线的阻抗带宽最终达到21GHz,并且在一定的频带范围内天线有较好的方向性。3.制作出两个天线试验样品并进行测试,测试结果显示天线的带宽分别37GHz和22GHz,验证了仿真结果的准确性。论文的最后做了总结,讨论了工作成果的不足之处和今后的研究方向。
[Abstract]:The antenna of the wireless communication system is to send and receive wireless communication signals of all the main components, with the continuous development of various communication systems make this spectrum resources become very crowded, the ultra wideband antenna has improved the phenomenon of spectrum congestion. Ultra wideband (Ultra-Wideband, UWB) is a broadband antenna antenna with good performance. Has the advantages of low cost, low power, has the advantages of low loss and multipath resolution capability, so ultra wideband antenna has been developed rapidly. With the development of ultra wideband technology, antenna is more and more wide, but the size of the antenna is also growing, is not conducive to the integration and digital communication system, so the miniaturization of antenna is a very important research direction. This paper focuses on the antenna miniaturization and wideband characteristics, UWB antenna for broadband pulse signal transmission are discussed and studied. First of all lies Introduces the development history and current situation of the development of ultra wideband antenna, through access to relevant literature, the ultra wideband monopole antenna theory and coplanar waveguide theory are analyzed and discussed. The relationship between the performance parameters of microstrip antenna and antenna feed means, the coplanar waveguide; two UWB monopole antenna design and simulation, and the simulation software is simulated, check their performance, the results show that the two antenna bandwidth is more than 7.5GHz, and covers the requirements of the ultra wideband frequency range; produce test samples, test and verify the performance of the antenna. This paper mainly completes the following contents 1.: the design of a circular monopole microstrip antenna, the optimized UWB become the first antenna, monopole antenna fed by microstrip line, relative to the circle radiation patch is a part of the ground round radiation patch The opposite is part of the ground, the simulation of antenna band did not meet the requirements of the design of ultra wideband antenna, then the CPW fed, and the slot on the ground between the feeder and the optimization, simulation results show that the return loss band antenna covering 1.1GHz~ 14GHz, more than 7.5GHz, meet the requirements of the design of ultra wideband antenna docking, floor size is optimized, finally the antenna bandwidth up to 15.7GHz, but the size of the antenna is relatively large, is not conducive to the integration of.2. system while the above design of the antenna impedance bandwidth is large, but the size is relatively large, is not conducive to the integration of UWB communication system. To solve this problem, the improvement for a rectangular monopole antenna small size, the size of the antenna is smaller in the bandwidth of the antenna performance is reduced, difficult to meet the requirements of the design of ultra wideband antenna. Then by changing the antenna radiation To improve the performance of the patch shape of the rectangular patch antenna, two triangles, and add a half ellipse, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna to reach 21GHz, and within a certain frequency band antenna directional.3. better to produce two antenna test samples and test, test results show that the bandwidth of the antenna and 37GHz respectively. 22GHz, to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. The paper finally summarized, discusses the shortcomings and future research work.

【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.3

【参考文献】