城市场景中基于公交节点的VANET路由算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 23:29

本文选题：车载自组织网络　切入点：路由协议　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network,VANET)由Ad Hoc网络发展而来,主要应用于车辆的追踪、导航、路况检测及道路交通安全预警等。VANET网络节点密度大且高速移动,导致网络拓扑频繁变化,使得现有的Ad Hoc路由协议难以满足VANET网络的环境。城市作为VANET网络的主要应用场景,研究适用于城市场景的可靠路由协议,对于VANET网络的发展具有重大意义。在VANET网络路由协议方面,大多数研究都只在Ad Hoc网络路由协议的基础上做了改进,真正结合VANET网络应用场景和车辆节点特性的研究工作较少,而且现有的路由方法往往要借助一些辅助信息,如车辆分布情况、道路分布情况等。本文就城市场景中的VANET网络路由协议进行研究,主要完成了以下工作:对现有Ad Hoc网络路由协议进行了简单归类,并分析比较了各类路由协议用于VANET网络的优缺点。结合VANET网络的特点,基于分簇机制进行路由协议的设计更加适合城市场景需求。公交车作为一种独特的车辆节点,具有大多数普通车辆节点不具备的优点,其运行线路固定、相对速度较低、数目较少且易于管理控制。因此,利用公交节点进行提升路由性能的VANET路由协议设计研究。首先,对基于公交节点的数据分组传输模型进行改进,解决了不同线路公交节点间的数据传输问题。然后,引进了网络分簇策略,提出了城市场景中基于公交节点分簇的VANET路由算法(Based on Bus Node Clustering Routing,BBCR)。该算法以公交节点为簇首节点,将VANET网络划分为各个不同的簇,簇内节点需共同维护同一张路由表,簇内成员节点采取主动路由的方式,而簇首节点间则使用按需路由方式,通过分簇策略减少了整个VANET网络中参与路由节点的数目,从而改善城市场景中因车辆节点数目庞大而造成的VANET网络拥塞情况。利用网络仿真软件VanetMobiSim2.0和NS2对BBCR与AODV、CBRP和R2R协议进行性能比较。为了仿真比较的公平性,将AODV路由协议路由发现过程的洪泛广播改为定向洪泛。结果表明,BBCR在数据分组投递率、端到端平均时延、路径节点跳数、归一化开销等性能上的表现优于其他三个协议。
[Abstract]:Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is developed from Ad Hoc network. It is mainly used in vehicle tracking, navigation, road condition detection and road traffic safety warning, which leads to frequent changes in network topology. The existing Ad Hoc routing protocol is difficult to satisfy the environment of VANET network. As the main application scenario of VANET network, the reliable routing protocol suitable for urban scenario is studied. It is of great significance to the development of VANET network. In the aspect of VANET network routing protocol, most of the researches have been improved only on the basis of Ad Hoc network routing protocol, but the research work of combining the application scenario of VANET network and the characteristics of vehicle nodes is less. Moreover, the existing routing methods often rely on some auxiliary information, such as vehicle distribution, road distribution, etc. In this paper, the VANET routing protocol in urban scenarios is studied. The main work is as follows: the existing Ad Hoc network routing protocols are simply classified, and the advantages and disadvantages of various routing protocols used in VANET networks are analyzed and compared. The design of routing protocol based on clustering mechanism is more suitable for urban scene requirements. As a unique vehicle node, bus has the advantages that most ordinary vehicle nodes do not have, its running line is fixed, and the relative speed is low. The number of bus nodes is small and easy to manage and control. Therefore, the design of VANET routing protocol based on bus nodes to improve routing performance is studied. Firstly, the data packet transmission model based on bus nodes is improved. The problem of data transmission between bus nodes on different lines is solved. Then, the network clustering strategy is introduced, and the VANET routing algorithm based on bus node clustering in urban scene is proposed. The algorithm takes the bus node as the cluster head node. The VANET network is divided into different clusters, the nodes in the cluster need to maintain the same routing table together, the member nodes in the cluster adopt the active routing mode, and the on-demand routing mode is used among the first nodes of the cluster. The number of participating routing nodes in the whole VANET network is reduced by clustering strategy. In order to improve the congestion of VANET network caused by the large number of vehicle nodes in the city scenario, the performance comparison between BBCR and AODVN CBRP and R2R protocols is carried out by using network simulation software VanetMobiSim2.0 and NS2. The flooding broadcast in the routing discovery process of AODV routing protocol is changed to directional flooding. The results show that the performance of AODV in data packet delivery rate, end-to-end average delay, path node hops and normalized overhead is superior to that of the other three protocols.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U495;TN929.5

【相似文献】