基于IPv6的物联网应用平台研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 11:21

本文选题：物联网　切入点：6LoWPAN　出处：《沈阳理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：IPv6是互联网通信发展的必然趋势,必定能够逐步取代IPv4成为新一代的IP通信标准。而近几年物联网的兴起,对普通传感器节点对接入互联网提出了新的要求。由于过去传统的IP协议栈并不适用于资源和能量受限的无线传感器节点。因此,一系列为物联网专门设计的协议应运而生。在这些协议当中,6Lo WPAN是实现IPv6网络和无线传感器网络互联的最佳协议栈;RPL是专门为低功耗有损网络设计的路由协议;CoAP作为轻量级的应用层协议,可有效降低节点功耗,延长电池使用寿命。虽然目前这些协议还在进一步制定和完善当中,但今后必将成为物联网标准的一部分。本课题的研究重点就是将上述协议运用到实际当中,以实物的形式展示上述协议的使用方法和实际效果,设计并实现一种符合未来发展方向的物联网应用平台。本文在深入研究IPv6和相关协议标准的基础之上,参考物联网应用模型,采用了一种端到端的网络架构,设计了一种包括节点和网关两部分的物联网应用平台。本课题的软硬件设计尽量满足通用性和可扩展性原则,以便适应更多应用场景和今后改进升级。节点可连接多种传感器和控制器,能够实现信息感知和智能控制等功能。硬件以STM32F103(内含Contiki OS)为主控制器,采用802.15.4无线模块进行数据收发,并预留多种总线IO,方便扩展其他传感器和控制器。软件借助开源操作系统Contiki所提供的RPL和6LoWPAN协议栈,实现了IPv6网络通信,并开发了基于CoAP协议的简单网络应用程序。网关为无线网络中的节点分配前缀,并支持路由选择,和有线网络通过IPv6协议进行通信,从而沟通有线网络和无线网络,起到数据转发存储的作用。考虑到应用环境的多样性和复杂性,决定采用嵌入式全功能的IPv6物联网网关。设计以ARM-A8核CPU+嵌入式LINUX操作系统为主体的物联网网关软件和硬件结构。最后,对系统进行一系列测试,分析了本系统的性能指标,提出了在特定场合下应用应注意的事项,指出了进一步改进和优化的方向。
[Abstract]:IPv6 is the inevitable trend of the development of Internet communication, it will gradually replace IPv4 as a new generation of IP communication standard, and the rise of Internet of things in recent years, A new requirement is put forward for the common sensor nodes to access the Internet. Because the traditional IP protocol stack was not suitable for wireless sensor nodes with limited resources and energy in the past, Among these protocols, 6Lo WPAN is the best protocol stack for the interconnection between IPv6 networks and wireless sensor networks. RPLs are routing protocols specially designed for low-power lossy networks. As a lightweight application layer protocol, It can effectively reduce node power consumption and prolong battery life. Although these protocols are still in the process of further development and improvement, But in the future, it will become a part of the Internet of things standard. The research focus of this topic is to apply the above protocol to practice, and to demonstrate the use method and practical effect of the above protocol in the form of material object. This paper designs and implements a kind of Internet of things application platform which conforms to the future development direction. Based on the in-depth study of IPv6 and related protocol standards, and referring to the Internet of things application model, this paper adopts an end-to-end network architecture. This paper designs a kind of Internet of things application platform including nodes and gateways. The software and hardware design of this subject can satisfy the principle of generality and expansibility as far as possible. In order to adapt to more application scenarios and improve and upgrade in the future. Nodes can connect a variety of sensors and controllers, can achieve information awareness and intelligent control functions. Hardware STM32F103 (including Contiki OS) as the main controller, Using 802.15.4 wireless module to send and receive data, and reserving various kinds of bus IOs, it is convenient to extend other sensors and controllers. With the help of RPL and 6LoWPAN protocol stack provided by open source operating system Contiki, the software realizes IPv6 network communication. A simple network application program based on CoAP protocol is developed. The gateway distributes prefixes to nodes in wireless network, supports routing, communicates with wired network through IPv6 protocol, and then communicates wired network and wireless network. Act as a data forwarding store. Considering the diversity and complexity of the application environment, The software and hardware structure of the Internet of things gateway based on the ARM-A8 core CPU embedded LINUX operating system is designed. Finally, a series of tests are carried out on the system, and the performance index of the system is analyzed. The matters needing attention in the application in a special situation are put forward, and the direction of further improvement and optimization is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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