光纤陀螺空间辐照效应及防护技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 15:05

本文选题：光纤陀螺　切入点：空间辐照效应　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：光纤陀螺(FOG)作为新型惯性敏感器件,具有重量轻,体积小,使用寿命长,功耗低,灵敏度高等优点,因此被广泛应用于航空,航天,航海等领域。但在光纤陀螺的空间应用中,由于光纤陀螺主要由光学器件和电子器件组成,宇宙空间存在的高能粒子,射线,电磁等恶劣环境会对光纤陀螺产生不利影响,如光纤环的损耗增加、光源波长的漂移、光功率的下降、光纤陀螺电子器件的逻辑翻转。从而导致光纤陀螺性能衰退,甚至永久性的损毁。本文围绕空间辐照效应对光纤陀螺的影响以及抗辐照的方案展开相关研究。论文的主要内容如下:光纤陀螺的基本原理与对空间辐照环境进行分析:介绍光纤陀螺的基本原理,为后面分析辐照环境对陀螺的影响做出基础。分析空间辐照环境,以及辐照效应对空间飞行器光电器件带来的影响。空间辐照对光纤陀螺的影响研究:分别对辐照环境对陀螺光路与电路的影响进行研究。在空间辐照的环境下,光纤陀螺的光路中会出现光纤环损耗增加、光源波长漂移、光功率衰减、光电探测器暗电流增加等问题,输出光波长的变化会导致陀螺标度因数的不稳定,输出光功率的衰减会导致陀螺随机游走系数的增加,从而导致光纤陀螺的性能下降;空间辐照环境下,陀螺电子器件主要会受到单粒子效应的影响,导致器件的逻辑翻转,锁定甚至烧毁。此外,辐照环境带来的附加电磁干扰也会对陀螺电路以及陀螺数据的传输产生不利影响。针对空间辐照对光纤陀螺产生的这些不利影响,需要进行相应的防护技术。光纤陀螺的抗辐照方案设计与验证:分别对陀螺光路和电路进行抗辐照方案设计。为解决空间辐照使光路中输出光平均波长漂移和光功率衰减的问题,首先从总体上对陀螺光路进行了设计:由于对陀螺光路中光学器件均属于保偏器件,辐射环境下陀螺光路会受到“色心”的影响。将光纤陀螺光路系统保偏部分全部采用光子晶体光纤,并对光路进行相应设计,提升了辐照环境下陀螺光路的稳定性。之后对光纤环和光源进行了设计:由于光子晶体光纤其制备材料为纯2Si O,掺杂小,对辐射的敏感较低。因此,将光子晶体用于光纤的制备,陀螺在空间中会有更好的适应能力。针对光源输出光平均波长的漂移,对陀螺光源输出光谱进行整形,采用近高斯型光谱输出光光源,保证了光源输出光平均波长的稳定性。对于陀螺的电路分别从硬件和软件的角度进行设计。硬件上对陀螺各个模块进行器件的选择,电路的设计,对陀螺的逻辑处理电路关键部分进行了三模冗余(TMR)的设计,保证了陀螺电路在空间辐照环境下的稳定性。此外,软件上对陀螺的数据传输加入循环冗余校验(CRC)算法,提升了辐照下陀螺数据传输的稳定性。最后对光纤陀螺系统整体进行了搭建与实验验证,对陀螺随机游走系数等指标进行测试与分析,得到所设计方案满足陀螺空间应用要求。
[Abstract]:Fiber optic gyro (FOG) as a new type of inertial sensitive device, has the advantages of light weight, small volume, long service life, low power consumption, high sensitivity, so it is widely used in aviation, aerospace, marine and other fields. But in the space application of fog, the fog is mainly composed of optical devices and electronic devices, high energy the existence of particles, space radiation, electromagnetic environment will adversely affect the fiber optic gyro, such as loss of fiber ring increases, the wavelength of the light source drift, decline of optical power and electronic device of fiber optic gyro logic flip. Leading to decline the performance of fiber optic gyroscope, or even permanent damage. Research on the influence of around the space radiation effects on fiber optic gyroscope and anti radiation scheme. The main contents are as follows: analysis of the basic principle of fiber optic gyro and the space radiation environment in the fog: The basic principle of the screw, make the basis for the subsequent analysis of effects of irradiation on gyro. Analysis of the space radiation environment, and the influence of irradiation effects brought to the space vehicle photoelectric devices. Research on space radiation effects on fiber optic gyros respectively to radiation environment, studied the influence of gyroscope light path and circuit. In the space radiation environment the optical fiber ring, optical fiber gyroscope will increase the loss of the light source, wavelength shift, optical power attenuation, photoelectric detector dark current increases and other issues, change the output wavelength will lead to gyro scale factor instability will lead to increased attenuation of gyro random walk coefficient of the output optical power, which leads to a decrease in the performance of optical fiber gyroscope; space radiation environment, electronic devices will be affected by the main gyro single particle effect, resulting in logic flip device, lock even burned. In addition, radiation ring Additional electromagnetic interference brought by environment will have a negative impact on gyro circuit and transmission gyro data. In view of these adverse effects of space radiation fog, the need for appropriate protection technology. The design and verification of anti radiation scheme for fiber optic gyroscope: designed the anti radiation scheme of gyro light path and circuit. To solve the space radiation that the output light wavelength drift and average optical power attenuation of light path, first has carried on the whole design of gyroscope light path: due to the optical gyro in the light path are polarization devices, the radiation environment of gyroscope light path will be "center". The influence of fiber optic gyroscope the system used in all parts of the polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber, and the corresponding design of the light path, to enhance the stability of gyro optical radiation environment. After the fiber ring and the light source is designed by: Photonic crystal fiber and its preparation materials for the pure 2Si O, doped with small, low sensitive to radiation. Therefore, the photonic crystal fiber for the preparation of gyroscope in space will have better adaptability. The average optical wavelength drift of gyro light output spectrum in shaping by near Gauss type spectral output light source, to ensure the stability of light source output average wavelength. For gyro circuit respectively from the perspective of hardware and software. The hardware design of each module of gyro device selection, circuit design, logic processing circuit of gyroscope is the key parts of the redundancy of the third mock exam (TMR) design to ensure the stability of the circuit, gyro in space radiation environment. In addition, the software for data transmission to the gyro with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm, to enhance the stability of gyro data transmission. At the end of irradiation The fiber optic gyroscope system is built and verified by experiments. The random walk coefficient of gyroscope is tested and analyzed, and the design meets the requirement of gyro space application.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN96

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