认知无线传感器网络MAC协议研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 21:32

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：睡眠调度　出处：《重庆邮电大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(WSN)广泛应用的同时得到了大量的关注与研究,而其工作的免授权频段已变得非常拥挤,在一定程度上束缚了其继续发展与应用。认知无线电技术的引入为WSN提供了扩展工作频谱资源的手段,进而认知无线传感器网络(CRSN)得到了越来越多的关注与研究,其中媒体访问控制协议(MAC)深刻影响着WSN的能量有效和有序工作,成为WSN和CRSN中的研究重点。本文首先对WSN中节点的睡眠-唤醒机制进行了研究。节点睡眠机制是降低节点能耗并延长WSN生命周期的重要技术。在现有的节点睡眠调度机制中,节点能耗是调度机制的唯一考虑目标,这将很容易导致WSN无法完全覆盖监测区域,进而引发严重后果。针对现有调度机制的不足,本文提出一种考虑到网络覆盖面的节能调度机制。考虑节点的部署密度和覆盖范围对节点进行集中调度,以减少冗余数据的感知、处理和传输,这种机制既能降低网络能耗也能够兼顾到网络的监测覆盖情况。仿真结果表明该机制能在保证较高的网络覆盖度的前提下有效提高网络生命周期。其次在论文中考虑到CRSN中的认知功能带来的额外能耗和处理要求及其高成本实现的背景,提出了将认知功能独立成为另外一种节点,并使其拥有较强的处理能力和能量收集能力,并与普通传感器节点按照一定比例进行部署组成一种新型网络:异质节点的认知无线传感器网络(HT-CRSN)。这种新型网络将绝大多数处理任务集中到拥有较强性能的认知节点上,能够极大地提高网络性能、方便部署以及降低部署成本。本文进而提出了一种能够适用于这种异质节点的传感器网络的工作时序,及其可行性的MAC协议。通过对所提MAC协议的能耗分析以及仿真结果证明,通过调整两类异质节点的部署比例和能量收集速率能够均衡两类异质节点的能耗,进而提高网络生命周期。论文深入研究了CRSN的MAC协议及其相关的关键技术问题,并取得了一定的研究成果,对未来CRSN的研究具有一定的理论价值。
[Abstract]:The wide application of WSNs has attracted a lot of attention and research. However, the frequency band of WSNs without authorization has become very crowded, which restricts its further development and application to a certain extent.The introduction of cognitive radio technology provides a means to expand the working spectrum resources of WSN, and then cognitive wireless sensor network (WSN) has been paid more and more attention and research.The media access control protocol (MAC) has a profound impact on the energy efficiency and orderly work of WSN, and has become the focus of research in WSN and CRSN.In this paper, the sleep-wake-up mechanism of nodes in WSN is studied.Node sleep mechanism is an important technique to reduce node energy consumption and prolong WSN life cycle.In the existing node sleep scheduling mechanism, the node energy consumption is the only objective of the scheduling mechanism, which will easily lead to the WSN can not completely cover the monitoring area, and then lead to serious consequences.In view of the deficiency of the existing scheduling mechanism, this paper proposes an energy saving scheduling mechanism which takes into account the network coverage.In order to reduce the perception processing and transmission of redundant data this mechanism can not only reduce the network energy consumption but also take into account the monitoring coverage of the network.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the network lifetime under the premise of high network coverage.Secondly, considering the additional energy consumption and processing requirements brought by cognitive function in CRSN and the background of its high cost realization, this paper proposes to make cognitive function independent as another kind of node.It has strong processing ability and energy collection ability, and deploys with common sensor nodes according to a certain proportion to form a new network: heterogeneous cognitive wireless sensor networks (HT-CRSNs).This new network concentrates most of the processing tasks on cognitive nodes with strong performance, which can greatly improve network performance, facilitate deployment and reduce deployment costs.In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol, which can be applied to the sensor networks with heterogeneous nodes.Through the analysis of the energy consumption of the proposed MAC protocol and the simulation results, it is proved that by adjusting the deployment ratio and the energy collection rate of the two heterogeneous nodes, the energy consumption of the two heterogeneous nodes can be balanced and the network life cycle can be improved.In this paper, the MAC protocol of CRSN and its related key technical problems are deeply studied, and some research results are obtained, which have certain theoretical value for the future research of CRSN.
【学位授予单位】：重庆邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN925;TP212.9

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