高增益低副瓣圆极化微带阵列天线设计与实现

发布时间：2018-04-16 04:17

本文选题：微带阵列天线 + 圆极化　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪七十年代,随着通信技术对低剖面天线的需求日益增长以及微波集成技术的进步,微带天线得到了越来越多研究者的关注。微带天体积小、重量轻,剖面薄,容易与载体表面共形,可选择的馈电方式较多,容易实现圆极化、双频段等多种功能,可以与有源电路集成在一起,适合批量生产,从而制造成本较低。所以,不论民用,还是军用,微带天线都得到了使用者的青睐。但是微带天线也存在一些不足,如损耗大、工作频带宽度窄、容许功率范围小等。本文结合实际需求,设计了一种高增益低副瓣圆极化微带阵列天线。论文主要内容如下:1、研究了微带天线的基本理论和技术。包括微带天线概念、类型和结构,微带天线工作原理、主要分析方法和基本参数,微带单元天线的馈电方式,微带阵列天线的辐射特性和馈电形式,为后续的微带天线设计提供了基本的理论依据。2、微带单元天线设计方面,以切角方形微带贴片作为微带单元天线,采用单馈法来实现圆极化。这种单元天线结构易于对阻抗和轴比进行调节,有利于减小馈电网络的复杂度,减小馈电损耗,提高天线的增益。利用Ansoft HFSS软件对微带单元天线进行了仿真优化设计,天线单元仿真结果表明,圆极化特性和阻抗匹配特性良好。3、微带阵列天线设计方面,采用八元组阵的方式来实现,两个四元子阵对称放置。对两个四元子阵采用等幅反相并联馈电,即两路信号的相位相差180°,保证了天线增益的最大化。四元子阵内采用连续旋转的并联馈电结构,即各辐射单元相位依次相差90°,扩展了天线的圆极化带宽特性。利用Ansoft HFSS软件,分别对阵元间距、旁瓣设计、阵列圆极化、馈电网络和整个阵列天线进行了仿真优化设计,满足了阵列天线的高增益低副瓣指标要求。4、在微带天线制造与测试方面,开展了圆极化微带阵列天线加工、装配和电气性能测试工作。实测数据表明,该阵列天线具有宽带的阻抗特性、优良的圆极化特性,具有高增益、低副瓣的特点。实测数据与仿真结果基本一致,证明了微带阵列天线的设计方法是正确的,具有一定的应用价值。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, with the increasing demand of communication technology for low-profile antenna and the progress of microwave integration technology, microstrip antenna has been paid more and more attention.The microstrip is small in volume, light in weight, thin in profile, easily conformal with the surface of the carrier, easy to realize circular polarization, double frequency band and so on. It can be integrated with active circuit and is suitable for mass production.Thus, the manufacturing cost is lower.Therefore, both civil and military, microstrip antenna has been favored by users.However, there are some disadvantages in microstrip antenna, such as large loss, narrow bandwidth and small allowable power range.In this paper, a high gain low sidelobe circularly polarized microstrip array antenna is designed.The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The basic theory and technology of microstrip antenna are studied.Including the concept, type and structure of microstrip antenna, working principle of microstrip antenna, main analysis method and basic parameters, feed mode of microstrip element antenna, radiation characteristic and feed form of microstrip array antenna,It provides the basic theoretical basis for the subsequent microstrip antenna design. In the aspect of microstrip element antenna design, the tangent square microstrip patch is used as the microstrip element antenna, and the single feed method is used to realize circular polarization.The structure of the unit antenna is easy to adjust the impedance and the axial ratio, which is helpful to reduce the complexity of the feed network, reduce the feed loss and improve the gain of the antenna.The microstrip element antenna is simulated and optimized by Ansoft HFSS software. The simulation results show that the circular polarization and impedance matching characteristics are good. In the design of microstrip array antenna, eight element array is used to realize the antenna design.Two quaternions are symmetrically placed.The two quaternions are fed in parallel with equal amplitude inverse phase, that is, the phase difference between the two signals is 180 掳, which ensures the maximum antenna gain.In the quaternion array, a shunt feed structure with continuous rotation is adopted, that is, the phase difference of each radiation unit is 90 掳in turn, which extends the characteristic of circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna.Ansoft HFSS software is used to simulate and optimize the cell spacing, sidelobe design, array circular polarization, feed network and the whole array antenna.It meets the requirement of high gain and low sidelobe of array antenna. In the manufacturing and testing of microstrip antenna, the fabrication, assembly and electrical performance testing of circularly polarized microstrip array antenna are carried out.The measured data show that the array antenna has the characteristics of wide band impedance, excellent circular polarization, high gain and low sidelobe.The measured data are in good agreement with the simulation results. It is proved that the design method of microstrip array antenna is correct and has certain application value.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822

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