基于DSP的北斗接收机定位算法的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-21 13:28

本文选题：北斗 + GNSS　；参考：《湖南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着计算机技术、通信技术、测控技术的提高,卫星导航技术不断进步,尤其在军事、民用领域应用越来越广泛,逐渐成为衡量国家军事实力和科学技术水平的一个重要标杆。我国在20世纪90年代中期开始建设中国北斗卫星导航系统,截止到2016年3月30日,我国已经有第22颗北斗导航卫星发射成功,北斗已经实现亚太地区服务能力,也表明全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)发展日益完善。全球卫星导航系统接收机是导航系统极其重要的部分,随着大规模集成电路芯片的应用,如现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)和数字信号处理器(DSP),其实时性、精度等特性也不断提高。为了满足实时性和大数据存储要求,本文采用最佳组合方式FPGA+DSP,以及最新高性能DSP芯片作为处理器,通过对定位解算算法的设计及优化实现,对我国的北斗卫星定位系统做出了一点微薄的贡献。本文主要研究的内容是北斗卫星接收机定位算法的研究以及在DSP处理器上的实现。首先,讲述了北斗1和北斗2卫星的定位基本原理,并介绍了北斗卫星导航电文的解调和观测量的提取,在此基础上,对北斗卫星位置和速度、以及用户接收机位置和速度的计算原理做了介绍。然后,讲述了北斗接收机的架构,详细介绍了接收机DSP部分的软、硬件设计,并建立定位解算模型,在最小二乘法的基础上,重点介绍了加权最小二乘法和扩展的卡尔曼滤波法,对伪距观测误差建立模型并进行修正,最后,对导航解算算法进行系统实验验证,并在PC机上采用VC6.0软件进行上位机界面实时显示,以实现北斗卫星接收机分别在静态和动态条件下快速高精度的定位。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of computer technology, communication technology and measurement and control technology, satellite navigation technology has been improved, especially in the military and civil fields. It has gradually become an important benchmark to measure the national military strength and the level of science and technology. China began to build a Chinese Beidou satellite navigation system in the mid-1990s. By March 30, 2016, China had successfully launched its 22nd Beidou navigation satellite, and Beidou has realized the service capability in the Asia-Pacific region. It also shows that the Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) is becoming more and more perfect. Global satellite navigation system receiver is an extremely important part of navigation system. With the application of large scale integrated circuit chip, such as FPGA and DSP, its real-time performance and precision are improved. In order to meet the requirements of real-time and big data storage, this paper adopts the best combination mode FPGA DSP, and the latest high-performance DSP chip as the processor, through the design and optimization of positioning algorithm. To our country's Beidou satellite positioning system made a little modest contribution. The main content of this paper is the research of the positioning algorithm of Beidou satellite receiver and its implementation on DSP processor. Firstly, the positioning principle of Beidou 1 and Beidou 2 satellites is described, and the demodulation of Beidou satellite navigation message and the extraction of observations are introduced. On this basis, the position and velocity of Beidou satellite are discussed. The calculation principle of the position and speed of the user receiver is also introduced. Then, the architecture of the Beidou receiver is described, and the software and hardware design of the DSP part of the receiver is introduced in detail, and the location solution model is established, which is based on the least square method. The weighted least square method and the extended Kalman filtering method are introduced in detail. The pseudo-range observation error is modeled and corrected. Finally, the navigation solution method is systematically verified by experiments. In order to realize the fast and high precision positioning of the Beidou satellite receiver under the static and dynamic conditions, the upper computer interface is displayed in real time by using VC6.0 software on the PC.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN965.5

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