基于模糊控制和最短路径的LEACH协议改进研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 10:34

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 路由协议　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks)是由随机撒播在监测区域内的大量传感器以无线通信方式自组织形成的网络。传感器节点拥有着体积小、成本低、易于部署等优点,可以在自然环境差、人类难以进入的区域进行工作。这些特点决定了无线传感器网络不论在军事领域还是在日常生活以及工业生产等领域都有广泛的应用前景。然而传感器节点自身携带的能量有限且一旦部署后不能补充,因此减少通信能耗、提高网络生存时间是无线传感器网络路由协议的研究重点之一。LEACH协议是一种经典的分层路由协议,它将网络中的节点分成若干个簇,从而形成层次型路由协议,本文在LEACH协议的基础上,针对其不足做出改进。首先,LEACH协议利用自身随机产生一个随机数与阈值对比的方法选取簇头,这显然不利于网络能耗的均衡。本文提出改进协议——CEBFC(Cluster head Election algorithm based on Fuzzy Control)协议。该协议使用模糊控制算法优化簇头的选举,综合剩余能量、相对节点度等多个因素,利用模糊控制器计算得到的优先度来改进节点广播当选簇头等待时间计算公式,优化簇头的选择;此外,普通节点入簇不仅考虑到簇头的距离还参考了簇头到基站的距离,离基站近的簇头拥有较小的成员规模,均衡簇头的能耗。再者,针对簇头直接与基站进行通信而造成通信代价过大的问题,本文在CEBFC协议的基础上提出了改进协议——FCASP(Routing Protocol based on Fuzzy Control And Shortest Path)。其簇间通信方式采用了单跳与多跳相结合的方法,中继节点选择不仅考虑候选中继节点前向区域的候选节点的剩余能量和路径因素,还参考了候选节点的簇内负载情况,建立最短传输路径以优化有限能量的高效使用;此外还考虑了网络寿命末期,前向区域内找不到候选中继节点的特殊情况,使得协议更加完善。MATLAB仿真表明,CEBFC协议相较于CFFL和LEACH协议能有效提升网络的工作寿命,通过合理的选择簇头降低通信能耗;FCASP协议较于CHBFT和LEACH协议在首个节点的死亡时间上分别提升了19%和209%,并且在减少整个网络的能耗和基站接收到数据包的数量上也有不少提升。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a network formed by wireless communication of a large number of sensors spread randomly in the monitoring area. Sensor nodes have the advantages of small size, low cost, easy to deploy, and can work in areas where the natural environment is poor and it is difficult for human beings to enter. These characteristics determine that wireless sensor networks (WSN) have a wide range of applications in military, daily life and industrial production. However, the sensor nodes themselves carry a limited amount of energy and cannot be replenished once deployed, thus reducing communication energy consumption. Improving network lifetime is one of the key points of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Leach protocol is a classical hierarchical routing protocol, which divides nodes into clusters and forms hierarchical routing protocols. Based on the LEACH protocol, this paper aims at its shortcomings. First of all, the Leach protocol uses its own random generation of a random number to compare with the threshold to select cluster heads, which is obviously not conducive to the equilibrium of network energy consumption. In this paper, an improved protocol, the head Election algorithm based on Fuzzy Control, is proposed. The protocol uses fuzzy control algorithm to optimize cluster head selection, synthesizes residual energy, relative node degree and so on, and improves the formula of node broadcast elected cluster head waiting time by using the priority calculated by fuzzy controller. The selection of cluster heads is optimized. In addition, the common nodes not only consider the distance between cluster heads and base stations, but also consider the distance between cluster heads and base stations. The cluster heads near the base station have smaller member size and equalize the energy consumption of cluster heads. Furthermore, in order to solve the problem that the communication between cluster head and base station is too expensive, this paper proposes an improved protocol based on CEBFC protocol, that is, FCASP routing Protocol based on Fuzzy Control And Shortest path. The method of single-hop and multi-hop is used in the communication between clusters. The selection of relay nodes not only takes into account the residual energy and path factors of candidate nodes in the forward region of the candidate relay nodes, but also refers to the in-cluster load of candidate nodes. The shortest transmission path is established to optimize the efficient use of limited energy. In addition, the special case in which no candidate relay node can be found in the forward region at the end of network lifetime is considered. The simulation results show that compared with CFFL and LEACH protocols, CEBFC protocol can effectively improve the working life of the network. By reasonably selecting cluster heads to reduce the communication energy consumption, the FCASP protocol increases the death time of the first node by 19% and 209% respectively compared with the CHBFT and LEACH protocols, and also improves the energy consumption of the whole network and the number of packets received by the base station.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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