井下WSN固定节覆盖及定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 02:09

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 穹顶形巷道　；参考：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国矿山资源丰富,但生产事故时有发生,直接导致了难以估计的经济损失和井下开采人员伤亡。无线传感器网络技术具有成本低廉、功耗小、可信度高、节点简单易安装等优点被广泛应用于监测巷道环境变化。矿井WSN的覆盖、连通性是需要解决的基本问题,高效的节点部署是保证WSN覆盖、连通性的前提,性能优越的固定节点部署模式能够更好的覆盖监测区域,从而获取到更加精确监测数据,也为节点精确定位提供可靠的保障。井下WSN节点精确定位可及时获取事件发生的地理信息,为矿井安全开采和灾后人员营救提供可靠保障,但目前的算法精度不是很高,有必要研究和设计出适合矿井巷道空间WSN的精确算法。本文为解决井下WSN的节点最佳部署位置和精确定位问题,开展以下三个方面的研究:(1)针对井下巷道三维WSN节点最优部署问题进行研究,在充分调查矿井几何构建方式后,抽象出巷道穹顶形模型,分析出穹顶形巷道WSN节点多种可靠的无缝覆盖放置方式,并研究了网络的连通覆盖性,求出了不同部署方式下巷道三维空间满足k-覆盖(k(28)1,2)时截面的最大水平间距以及达到k-连通(k(28)2,3)时传感器节点通信半径大小、感应半径大小、矿井巷道空间尺寸之间的函数关系。通过仿真实验验证和比较了所提出的几种节点放置方式的网络性能,给出了最优的节点放置方式,有效提高了井下巷道空间节点的部署效率。(2)针对WSN井下巷道空间灾害监测信息系统,提出一种采用矿井三维建模WSN多重覆盖算法和RSSI的加权质心定位算法。根据矿井巷道的几何结构,将矿井建模成规则的拱形模型,建立起一种巷道固定节点无缝覆盖部署模型,并且推导出满足多重覆盖目的时节点在巷道中放置的最大水平距离。在此基础上,提出了一种利用节点RSSI值求出加权系数对质心坐标进行加权处理的方法。实验结果表明改进的质心算法有效地减少了误差,并且过程简单,适用于矿井环境。(3)为了减少经典DV-Hop算法计算未知节点位置时产生的较大误差,提出了一种基于节点RSSI值与临界RSSI比例跳数修正和跳距重估的DV-Hop算法。通过采用引入临界RSSI比,均衡系数和对跳距进行重估的计算方式来进一步对跳数和跳距进行修正。理论推导和仿真实验结果表明,本论文提出的几种穹顶形巷道固定节点最优部署模型在达到全覆盖时能保障井下WSN节点间可靠的连接性,改进的定位算法提高了节点的定位精度。提出的方法和算法能确保实现复杂矿井巷道环境的可靠的信息监测和高精度的节点定位。
[Abstract]:China is rich in mine resources, but production accidents occur from time to time, which directly leads to difficult to estimate the economic losses and casualties of underground mining personnel. Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is widely used in monitoring roadway environment change with the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, high reliability, simple node installation and so on. The coverage and connectivity of mine WSN is the basic problem to be solved. Efficient node deployment is the prerequisite to ensure WSN coverage and connectivity. The fixed node deployment mode with superior performance can better cover the monitoring area. Thus obtain more accurate monitoring data, but also provide reliable protection for the precise location of nodes. The accurate location of underground WSN nodes can obtain the geographic information of events in time and provide reliable guarantee for mine safety mining and personnel rescue after disasters, but the accuracy of the present algorithm is not very high. It is necessary to study and design an accurate WSN algorithm suitable for mine roadway space. In this paper, in order to solve the problem of optimal location and precise location of WSN nodes in underground mine, the following three aspects of research are carried out: 1) the optimal deployment of 3D WSN nodes in underground roadways is studied. Abstract the tunnel dome model, analyze several reliable and seamless cover placement methods of domed roadway WSN nodes, and study the connectivity coverage of the network. The maximum horizontal spacing of the cross section and the relationship between the communication radius of sensor node, the size of induction radius and the space size of mine roadway are obtained when the three dimensional space of roadway satisfies k- overlay K281 / 2) and the sensor node communication radius, inductive radius and space size of mine roadway are obtained under different deployment modes. The network performance of several node placement methods is verified and compared by simulation experiments, and the optimal node placement mode is given. In view of WSN underground tunnel spatial disaster monitoring information system, this paper presents a weighted centroid location algorithm based on WSN multi-cover algorithm and RSSI for mine 3D modeling. According to the geometric structure of mine roadway, the mine is modeled as a regular arch model, and a model of seamless coverage and deployment of fixed nodes in roadway is established, and the maximum horizontal distance of nodes placed in the roadway is deduced when the purpose of multiple coverage is satisfied. On the basis of this, a method of weighting the coordinate of mass center by calculating the weighted coefficient by using the RSSI value of the node is put forward. The experimental results show that the improved centroid algorithm can effectively reduce the error, and the process is simple and suitable for mine environment. In this paper, a new DV-Hop algorithm based on the ratio of RSSI and critical RSSI is proposed to correct the number of hops and reestimate the hops. The number of hops and the hops are further modified by introducing the critical RSSI ratio, the equalization coefficient and the reestimation of the hops. The theoretical derivation and simulation results show that the optimal deployment model of fixed nodes in the dome roadway can guarantee the reliable connectivity between WSN nodes in the downhole when it reaches full coverage. The improved localization algorithm improves the location accuracy of nodes. The proposed method and algorithm can ensure reliable information monitoring and high precision node location in complex mine roadway environment.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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