基于随机预言模型的量子仲裁签名方案安全性分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:28

本文选题：安全性分析 + 量子仲裁签名方案　；参考：《密码学报》2016年06期

【摘要】：量子密码协议的安全性分析是量子密码学中一个重要的研究方向.随机预言(Random Oracle,RO)模型作为经典密码学中密码协议分析的有效工具,在量子密码学中的有效性是值得探讨的研究问题.目前,量子密码协议仍然缺少通用的分析方法.本文选取了基于非正交量子态的量子仲裁签名方案作为分析对象,来说明基于随机预言模型的安全性分析方法的有效性.其中,量子仲裁签名方案采用了非正交量子比特传输信息来保证共享密钥的无条件安全,并运用了经典密码学中常用的哈希函数鉴别消息的完整性.针对量子仲裁签名方案的特点,本文选择了不可克隆原理作为可证明安全的难解问题.此分析方法运用了"无偏见选择基"(unbiased chosen basis,UCB)假设来分析量子仲裁签名方案的可证明安全.相较经典密码学的计算难解性,量子的物理性质更能保证安全.安全证明过程中设置了不同的敌手提问,用来模拟敌手的攻击能力,如攻击经典信道的能力、攻击共享密钥的能力、伪造签名的能力等,从而更全面地分析协议的安全性.量子仲裁签名方案的安全性分析表明随机预言模型在量子密码协议分析方面的有效性.
[Abstract]:The security analysis of quantum cryptography protocol is an important research direction in quantum cryptography. Random Oraclero) model is an effective tool for the analysis of cryptographic protocols in classical cryptography, and its validity in quantum cryptography is a problem worth discussing. At present, the quantum cryptographic protocol still lacks the general analysis method. In this paper, a quantum arbitration signature scheme based on nonorthogonal quantum states is selected as an analysis object to illustrate the effectiveness of the security analysis method based on stochastic prediction model. The quantum arbitration signature scheme uses non-orthogonal quantum bits to transmit information to guarantee the unconditional security of the shared key and uses the hash function commonly used in classical cryptography to authenticate the integrity of the message. In view of the characteristics of the quantum arbitration signature scheme, this paper chooses the principle of non-cloning as a difficult problem to prove secure. In this method, the supposition of "unbiased chosen basis" is used to analyze the provable security of the quantum arbitration signature scheme. The physical properties of quantum are more secure than those of classical cryptography. In the process of security proof, different enemy questions are set up to simulate the attacking ability of the enemy, such as the ability to attack the classical channel, the ability to attack the shared key, the ability to forge the signature, and so on, so as to analyze the security of the protocol more comprehensively. The security analysis of quantum arbitration signature scheme shows that the stochastic prediction model is effective in quantum cryptographic protocol analysis.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(61571024);国家自然科学基金项目(61272501) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1000307-1)
【分类号】：TN918.4

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