基于信任的WSN安全机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 07:48

本文选题：信任安全 + 管理机制　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是将许多微型且价格低廉具有无线自治功能的传感器节点布置在监测区域组成的系统。它的广泛应用在国内外引起了许多研究学者的高度关注,并一度被评为将会影响人类生活的十大新兴科技之一。然而在WSN中,由于节点具备能量资源受限、容易被俘获等特点,使得WSN特别容易遭到恶意行为的攻击,特别是当WSN内某些节点被捕后会导致网络中的重要数据被窃取,甚至会在网络内部传递一些恶意数据致使整个网络系统崩溃。目前,仅仅使用传统加密认证的方法已经没有办法解决此类问题,因此迫切的需要设计一种符合WSN安全需求的机制来解决相关问题。本文利用信任模型的相关思想,设计了一种基于信任的WSN安全机制,并且对信任值进行计算,设计了基于信任的WSN路由,可以保障WSN能够安全、可靠、稳定的工作,并确保各类应用能够正常地运行。本文首先对课题研究背景与意义、研究现状、研究目标和内容进行了简单介绍,然后对WSN安全技术做了简略的论述,主要从WSN安全概述、WSN安全技术、常见的WSN安全攻击类型以及目前WSN安全问题的解决方法四个方面进行展开。指出了WSN的安全需求主要包括通信安全需求、信息安全需求以及网络服务安全需求,随后探讨了WSN安全技术方面所面临的严峻挑战。然后对目前WSN基本安全技术做了分析,包括基本框架协议SPINS、WSN安全技术设计的主要方案和安全路由;讨论了WSN中常用的加密技术(对称加密技术、非对称加密技术、消息认证和硬件加密技术)以及节点安全技术。最后分析了WSN中常见的攻击类型以及相应地解决方法。本文还对WSN信任安全管理机制做了剖析,总结了目前WSN中信任安全管理机制存在的相关问题,并对传统信任安全管理机制框架进行说明,提出并设计了基于信任的WSN安全机制框架。并对基于信任的WSN安全机制工作流程进行了说明,为信任值的计算、信任路由的设计奠定了基础。针对目前WSN中存在的各类问题,以本文设计的WSN信任安全管理机制框架为依据,提出了一种基于PageRank算法的WSN网络中节点信任值的计算方法。该算法首先是以节点的出链为基准,得到一个网络中节点的交互概率矩阵,然后再以报文转发率为参考系数来综合计算网络中节点的信任值。仿真实验结果表明:此算法能够很好的计算节点的信任值,而且能够很好的检测WSN中的非可信节点,有效地增强了网络的安全性。依据信任安全管理机制,本文还总结了目前WSN路由协议存在的缺点,从而提出一种信任路由选择算法。该算法结合了最大平均信任值和最小跳数路由策略,运用多目标决策方法,从可信路径集合中抉择满足要求的路径,从而得到最优安全路径。并设计了携带可信信息的数据传输策略。仿真结果表明:信任路由算法(TR)与最低能耗路由策略(ME)和最小跳数路由策略(MH)相比,不仅平均能耗较低,而且平均端到端延时也较小。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a system that sets up many micro and low-cost sensor nodes with wireless autonomous functions in the monitoring area. Its wide application has attracted many researchers at home and abroad, and was once rated as the ten emerging technology that will affect human life. However, in WSN, because the nodes have the characteristics of limited energy resources and easy capture, the WSN is particularly vulnerable to malicious behavior, especially when some nodes in WSN are arrested, which will lead to the theft of important data in the network, and even transmit some malicious data in the network to cause the whole network system to collapse. Before, only the traditional encryption authentication method has no way to solve such problems, so it is urgent to design a mechanism that meets the WSN security requirements to solve the related problems. This paper designs a trust based WSN security machine based on the trust model and calculates the trust value. The trusted WSN route can ensure that WSN can work safely, reliably and steadily, and to ensure that all kinds of applications can run normally. This paper first introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status, the research target and the content, and then briefly discusses the WSN security technology, mainly from the WSN Security Overview, and the WSN security technology, The common types of WSN security attack and the solution of current WSN security problems are carried out in four aspects. It is pointed out that the security requirements of WSN mainly include the requirements of communication security, information security requirements and the security requirements of network services. Then, the severe challenges facing WSN security technology are discussed. Then, the basic security technology of WSN is presented. The operation is analyzed, including the basic framework protocol SPINS, the main scheme of WSN security technology design and the security routing, and the common encryption technology in WSN (symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, message authentication and hardware encryption) and node security technology are discussed. Finally, the common attack types in WSN are analyzed and the corresponding solutions are solved. This paper also analyzes the trust security management mechanism of WSN, summarizes the existing problems in the current security management mechanism of WSN CITIC, explains the framework of the traditional trust security management mechanism, proposes and designs a framework of WSN security mechanism based on trust, and explains the workflow of the trust based WSN security mechanism. For the calculation of trust value, the design of trust routing is the foundation. According to the existing problems in WSN, based on the framework of WSN trust security management mechanism designed in this paper, a calculation method of node trust value in WSN network based on PageRank algorithm is proposed. The mutual probability matrix of nodes in the network is used to calculate the trust value of the nodes in the network with the message forwarding rate as the reference coefficient. The simulation experiment results show that this algorithm can calculate the trust value of the nodes well, and can detect the untrusted nodes in the WSN very well. The security of the network is effectively enhanced. As a security management mechanism, this paper also summarizes the shortcomings of the current WSN routing protocol, and proposes a trust routing algorithm. This algorithm combines the maximum average trust value and the minimum hop routing strategy, and uses the multi-objective decision method to choose the path from the trusted path set to meet the required path, thus obtaining the optimal security path. The simulation results show that the trust routing algorithm (TR), compared with the minimum energy consumption routing strategy (ME) and the minimum hop routing strategy (MH), not only has lower average energy consumption, but also a smaller average end to end delay.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

【参考文献】